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Small Business Administration (SBA) Funding: Overview and Recent Trends

Published 2022-07-14 · Reports · R43846 · 25,158 words · ~126 min read
R. Corinne Blackford, Robert Jay Dilger, Anthony A. Cilluffo
Small Business
View on Congress.gov · PDF
Small Business Administration (SBA) Funding: Overview and Recent Trends
Updated July 14, 2022 (R43846)
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Contents

Tables

Appendixes

Summary

This report examines the Small Business Administration's (SBA's) appropriations (new budget authority, minus rescissions and sequestration) over time, focusing on developments and trends since FY2000. It also provides total available funding (which includes carryover from the prior fiscal year, carryover into the next fiscal year, account transfers, rescissions, and sequestration) and, for entrepreneurial development noncredit programs, actual and anticipated expenditures for comparative purposes.

SBA appropriations, as a whole, have varied significantly from year to year since FY2000 and across all three of the agency's major spending categories: disaster assistance, business loan credit subsidies, and "other programs," a category that includes salaries and expenses, business loan administration, the Office of Inspector General, the Office of Advocacy, and entrepreneurial development and other noncredit programs.

Overall, the SBA's appropriations have ranged from a high of over $761.9 billion in FY2020 to a low of $571.8 million in FY2007. Much of this volatility is due to significant variation in supplemental appropriations for disaster assistance to address economic damages caused by major hurricanes and for SBA lending program enhancements to help small businesses access capital during and immediately following recessions. For example, in FY2020, the SBA received over $760.9 billion in supplemental appropriations to assist small businesses adversely affected by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

Appropriations for SBA business loan credit subsidies—needed to pay for unanticipated increases in the cost of loan defaults, loan forgiveness, and debt relief payments—have also varied since FY2000, primarily due to the impact of changing economic conditions on the SBA's guaranteed loan portfolios and, in FY2020 and FY2021, for loan forgiveness and debt relief payments.

Appropriations for the SBA's other programs, as a collective, have also varied since FY2000, ranging from $455.6 million in FY2007 to $46.7 billion in FY2021. This variation is primarily due to congressional response to changing economic conditions. For example, in FY2009 and FY2010 and again in FY2020 and FY2021, Congress approved significant, temporary increases in appropriations for the SBA's other programs spending category to address (1) the economic slowdown during and immediately following the Great Recession (2007-2009) and (2) the adverse economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Overall, since FY2000, appropriations for SBA's other programs, excluding supplemental appropriations, have increased at a pace that exceeds inflation.

The SBA's appropriations for FY1954 through FY1999 are provided in the Appendix.

Introduction

The Small Business Administration (SBA) currently administers several types of programs to support small businesses, including loan guaranty and venture capital programs to enhance small businesses' access to capital; contracting programs to increase small businesses' opportunities in federal contracting; direct loan programs for businesses, homeowners, and renters to aid in their recovery from natural disasters; and small business management and technical assistance training programs to assist in business formation and expansion. Congressional interest in these programs has increased in recent years and has become especially acute during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, because small businesses are viewed as a means to stimulate economic activity and create jobs. Many Members of Congress also regularly receive constituent inquiries about the SBA's programs.

This report examines SBA appropriations (new budget authority, minus rescissions and sequestration) and spending over time, focusing on developments and trends since FY2000. Total spending (which includes carryover from the prior fiscal year, carryover into the next fiscal year, account transfers, rescissions, and sequestration) and, for comparative purposes, actual and anticipated expenditures for the SBA's entrepreneurial development and noncredit programs are also presented.1 The SBA's carryovers and account transfers tend to reduce variation in its budget from one fiscal year to the next. Much of this "evening out" process is due to disaster assistance appropriations, which are provided in one fiscal year and typically spent over several fiscal years.

As shown in Table 1, the SBA's appropriations, as a whole and across the agency's three major spending categories (disaster assistance, business loan credit subsidies, and all other programs), have varied significantly since FY2000.2

The SBA's appropriations, as a whole, have ranged from $571.8 million in FY2007 to more than $761.9 billion in FY2020. Much of this volatility is due to significant variation in appropriations for

  • disaster assistance, typically to address economic damages caused by major hurricanes and, in recent years, by COVID-19;
  • business loan credit subsidy costs related to unanticipated increases in the cost of loan defaults and, in recent years, to loan forgiveness and debt relief payments; and
  • program enhancements in the other spending category to help small businesses access capital during and immediately following recessions.3

For example, as discussed below, the SBA received supplemental appropriations of $760.9 billion in FY2020 and $378.5 billion in FY2021 to assist small businesses adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.4

Since FY2000, appropriations for the SBA's other programs spending category—which includes appropriations for salaries and expenses, business loan administration, the Office of Inspector General (OIG), the Office of Advocacy, and entrepreneurial development and other noncredit programs, excluding supplemental appropriations—have generally increased at a pace that exceeds inflation.5

The SBA's appropriations for FY1954 through FY1999 are provided in the Appendix.

Table 1. Small Business Administration, FY2000-FY2022

(appropriations and available funds; $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Disaster Assistance

Disaster Assistance Supplemental

Business Loan Credit Subsidies

Other Programs

Appropriation

Total Spent

2022

$178.0

$1,189.1

$6.0

$846.7

$2,219.8

NA

2021

$168.1

$35,460.0

$297,145.0

$46,723.7

$379,496.7

$406,748.8
anticipateda

2020

$177.1

$70,582.0

$687,439.0

$3,782.4

$761,980.5

$589,169.4b

2019

$10.0

$0.0

$4.0

$701.4

$715.4

$1,253.0c

2018

$0.0

$1,659.0

$3.4

$697.4

$2,359.8

$1,828.7d

2017

$186.0

$450.0

$4.3

$696.5

$1,336.8

$1,123.0e

2016

$186.9

$0.0

$3.3

$680.8

$871.0

$1,058.1

2015

$186.9

$0.0

$47.5

$653.2

$887.6

$921.2

2014

$191.9

$0.0

$111.6

$625.4

$928.9

$951.2

2013

$111.2

$740.0

$319.7

$583.6

$1,754.5f

$1,375.0

2012

$117.3

$0.0

$210.8

$590.7

$918.8

$1,039.3

2011

$45.4

$0.0

$82.8

$601.5

$729.7g

$1,002.9

2010

$78.2

$0.0

$83.0

$1,625.3h

$1,786.5

$966.7

2009

$0.0i

$0.0

$8.5j

$1,336.7k

$1,345.2

$980.8

2008

$0.0

$1,052.8

$2.0

$579.9

$1,634.7

$928.2

2007

$114.9

$0.0

$1.3

$455.6

$571.8l

$1,053.6

2006

$0.0

$1,700.0

$1.3

$532.1

$2,233.4m

$2,308.0

2005

$111.8

$929.0

$1.4

$498.0

$1,540.2n

$907.7

2004

$198.9

$0.0

$80.2

$507.1

$786.2o

$808.6

2003

$190.3

$0.0

$88.5

$507.5

$786.3p

$893.6

2002

$209.7

$75.0

$154.9

$478.4

$918.0q

$973.5

2001

$184.1

$100.0

$165.0

$550.4

$999.5r

$947.6

2000

$276.4

$40.9

$137.8

$459.5

$914.6s

$906.0

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), Congressional Budget Justification [FY2002-FY2010]; SBA, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2011-FY2023], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; P.L. 106-113, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2000; P.L. 106-554, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2001; P.L. 107-206, the 2002 Supplemental Appropriations Act for Further Recovery From and Response to Terrorist Attacks on the United States; P.L. 108-7, the Consolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003; P.L. 108-199, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2004; P.L. 108-447, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005; P.L. 109-108, the Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006; P.L. 109-148, the Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006; P.L. 110-5, the Revised Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007; P.L. 110-161, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008; P.L. 110-252, the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2008; P.L. 110-329, the Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2009; P.L. 111-5, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009; P.L. 111-118, the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 111-144, the Temporary Extension Act of 2010; P.L. 111-157, the Continuing Extension Act of 2010; P.L. 111-240, the Small Business Jobs and Credit Act of 2010; P.L. 111-150, to permit the use of previously appropriated funds to extend the Small Business Loan Guarantee Program; P.L. 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011; P.L. 112-25, the Budget Control Act of 2011; P.L. 112-74, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012; P.L. 112-175, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; P.L. 113-2, the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-6, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-76, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; P.L. 113-235, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015; P.L. 114-113, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016; P.L. 115-31, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017; P.L. 115-56, the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 and Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Requirements Act, 2017; P.L. 115-123, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018; P.L. 115-141, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018; P.L. 116-6, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019; P.L. 116-93, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-123, the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-136, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act); P.L. 116-139, the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act; P.L. 116-260, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021; P.L. 117-2, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021; and P.L. 117-103, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022.

a. This figure takes into account the rescission of $146.5 billion in unobligated balances from the SBA's business loan account for business loan credit subsidies (see P.L. 116-260, the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits, and Venues Act (Division N, Title III of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, §323). The SBA anticipates carrying $2.48 billion into FY2022.

b. This figure takes into account the rescission of $16.369 million in unobligated balances from the business loans program account (see P.L. 116-93).

c. This figure takes into account the rescission of $50 million in unobligated balances available for the 504/CDC loan guaranty program (see P.L. 116-6).

d. This figure takes into account the rescission of $2.6 million in unobligated balances available for the Immediate Disaster Assistance Program and the Expedited Disaster Assistance Loan Program (see P.L. 115-141).

e. This figure takes into account the rescission of $55 million in unobligated balances available for the 504/CDC loan guaranty program (see P.L. 115-31).

f. Implementation of P.L. 112-25 and P.L. 113-6 imposed a federal government-wide sequestration process and a required 0.2% across-the-board rescission in FY2013. The SBA's FY2013 appropriation was reduced by $92.681 million under sequestration and $2.091 million by the rescission. Prior to these reductions, the SBA's FY2013 appropriation was $897.3 million for disaster assistance, $337.3 million for loan credit subsidies, $615.7 million for other programs, and $1,850.3 million in total.

g. The SBA's FY2011 appropriation of $731.201 million ($45.5 million for SBA disaster assistance, $83 million for business loan subsidies, and $602.7 million for other SBA programs) was reduced to $729.738 million by a 0.2% across-the-board rescission imposed on most appropriations accounts by P.L. 112-10.

h. The initial appropriation for other programs in FY2010 was $662.8 million. An additional $962.5 million was provided: $775 million in temporary funding for 7(a) and 504/Certified Development Company (CDC) loan guaranty program fee subsidies and loan modifications and $187.5 million for other SBA programs. P.L. 111-118 provided $125 million; P.L. 111-144 provided $60 million; P.L. 111-157 provided $80 million; and P.L. 111-240 provided $510 million to provide temporary fee subsidies for the SBA's 7(a) and 504/CDC loan guaranty programs and to temporarily increase the 7(a) program's maximum loan guaranty percentage from up to 85% of loans of $150,000 or less and up to 75% of loans exceeding $150,000 to 90% for all 7(a) loans. P.L. 111-240 extended the subsidies and 90% loan guaranty through December 31, 2010, and provided $187.5 million for other SBA programs that remained available through FY2011. Also, P.L. 111-150 authorized the SBA to use $40 million in previously appropriated funds for fee subsidies and the 7(a) loan modification.

i. SBA disaster assistance funding in FY2009 was carried over from the previous fiscal year.

j. The initial appropriation for business loan credit subsidies in FY2009 was $2.5 million for direct (Microloan) lending. P.L. 111-5 provided another $6 million for credit subsidies for the Microloan program to remain available through September 30, 2010.

k. The initial appropriation for other programs in FY2009 was $612.7 million. P.L. 111-5 provided $6 million for Microloan credit subsidies and $724 million for other SBA programs, including $375 million for loan fee subsidies and loan modifications for the 7(a) and 504/CDC programs and $255 million for a new, temporary small business stabilization program, later named the America's Recovery Capital (ARC) Loan program.

l. Includes reductions by P.L. 109-108 and P.L. 110-5, which rescinded $13.5 million of unobligated balances from the SBA ($6.192 million from unobligated disaster assistance administrative expenses, $5.031 million from unobligated balances in the (7a) general business loan guaranty program, and $2.323 million from unobligated balances in the direct loans program).

m. Includes reductions by P.L. 109-148, which imposed a rescission of 1.0% on federal agencies, resulting in a $6.992 million reduction from the SBA ($0.017 million from business loan subsidies, $5.160 million from salaries and expenses, $1.6 from business loan administration, $0.178 million from the OIG, and $0.037 million from the surety bond program).

n. Includes reductions by P.L. 108-447, which imposed a 0.8% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $8.277 million reduction from the SBA ($1.395 million from disaster assistance, $0.019 million from business loan subsidies, $4.951 million from salaries and expenses, $1.692 from business loan administration, $0.181 million from the OIG, and $0.039 million from the surety bond program).

o. Includes reductions by P.L. 108-199, which imposed a rescission of 0.59% on federal agencies, resulting in a $8.042 million reduction from the SBA ($1.7 million from disaster assistance, $0.853 million from business loan subsidies, $4.001 million from salaries and expenses, $1.347 from business loan administration, and $0.141 million from the OIG).

p. Includes reductions by P.L. 108-7, which imposed a rescission of 0.65% on federal agencies, resulting in a $5.144 million reduction from the SBA ($1.244 million from disaster assistance, $0.579 million from business loan subsidies, $2.401 million from salaries and expenses, $0.839 from business loan administration, and $0.081 million from the OIG).

q. Includes reductions by P.L. 107-206, which imposed a rescission on federal agencies' administrative and travel accounts, resulting in a $0.485 million reduction from the SBA ($0.164 million from disaster assistance, $0.315 million from salaries and expenses, and $0.006 million from the OIG).

r. Includes reductions by P.L. 106-554, which imposed a rescission of 0.22% on federal agencies, resulting in a $1.983 million reduction from the SBA ($0.406 million from disaster assistance, $0.364 million from business loan subsidies, $0.903 million from salaries and expenses, $0.284 million from business loan administration, and $0.026 million from the OIG).

s. Includes reductions by P.L. 106-113, which imposed a rescission of 0.38% on federal agencies, resulting in a $3.280 million reduction from the SBA ($3.185 million from salaries and expenses and $0.095 million from the OIG).

FY2020 and FY2021 Supplemental Appropriations

The SBA received supplemental appropriations of $760.9 billion in FY2020 and $378.5 billion in FY2021 to assist small businesses adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

In FY2020

  • P.L. 116-123, the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020, provided EIDL eligibility to small businesses adversely affected by the coronavirus and appropriated $20 million to the SBA for disaster loan assistance administrative costs.
  • P.L. 116-136, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act), appropriated $377.527 billion for SBA program enhancements, including $349 billion for the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP); $17 billion for six months of 7(a), 504/CDC, and Microloan loan payments; $10 billion for Emergency Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) grants; $675 million for salaries and expenses; $562 million for disaster assistance; $265 million for entrepreneurial development programs; and $25 million for the SBA Office of Inspector General.6
  • P.L. 116-139, the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act, among other provisions, increased the PPP authorization limit to $659 billion and appropriated an additional $383.435 billion for SBA program enhancements, including $321.335 billion for the PPP, $50 billion for EIDL (to support $367.1 billion in disaster loan authority), $10 billion for Emergency EIDL grants, and $2.1 billion for SBA salaries and expenses.

In FY2021

  • P.L. 116-260, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, among other provisions, extended the PPP through March 31, 2021, increased the program's authorization amount from $659 billion to $806.45 billion, and allows second-draw PPP loans of up to $2 million. The act also appropriated $324.975 billion for SBA program enhancements, including $284.45 billion for the PPP, $20 billion for the Targeted Economic Injury Disaster Loan Advance payment program, $15 billion for the Shuttered Venue Operators Grant Program, $3.5 billion for SBA debt relief payments, $1.918 billion for the business loans program account, $57 million for the Microloan program ($50 million for technical assistance grants and $7 million for loan credit subsidies), and $50 million for salaries the expenses.

    The act also rescinded $146.5 billion in unobligated balances from the SBA's business loan account for business loan credit subsidies, reducing the availability of SBA supplemental appropriations for business loan credit subsidies in FY2021 from $466.5 billion (including carryover and transfers from FY2020) to $300 billion (including carryover and transfers from FY2020).
  • P.L. 117-2, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, increased the PPP authorization limit to $813.7 billion and appropriated $53.6 billion for SBA program enhancements, including $28.6 billion for a Restaurant Revitalization Grant Program to provide grants of up to $10 million per entity (up to $5 million per physical location, limited to 20 locations) to restaurants and other food and beverage-related establishments that have experienced COVID-19-related revenue loss; $15 billion for the Targeted Economic Injury Disaster Loan Advance payment program; $7.25 billion for the PPP; $1.25 billion for the Shuttered Venue Operators Grant Program; $840 million for administrative costs to prevent, prepare, and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, including expenses related to PPP, Shuttered Venue Operators Grants (SVOG), and grants to restaurants; $460 million for the disaster loan program ($70 million for credit subsidies and $390 million for administrative costs); $100 million for a community navigator pilot grant program to improve small business access to COVID-19-related assistance programs; $75 million for outreach, education, and SBA website improvement; and $25 million for SBA's Office of Inspector General for oversight.7

FY2022 Supplemental Appropriations

  • P.L. 117-43, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act, provided a $1.1891 billion supplemental appropriation—to remain until expended—for SBA disaster loan assistance. Up to $620 million of that amount may be transferred to and merged with the SBA's salaries and expenses account for administrative expenses to carry out the disaster loan program. The act also provides continuing FY2022 appropriations for federal agencies, including the SBA, through December 3, 2021 (subsequently extended to February 18, 2022).8 The SBA is authorized to appropriate available funds up to the rate necessary to accommodate increased demand for commitments during this period for several SBA programs, including 7(a) general business loans.9

In a related development, P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, rescinded $36.929 billion in SBA unobligated balances:

  • $17.578 billion from funds provided by P.L. 116-260 for the Targeted EIDL Advance grant program;
  • $13.5 billion from funds provided by P.L. 116-139 for the Disaster Loans Program Account (for EIDL loan credit subsidies);
  • $4.684 billion from funds provided by P.L. 116-136 (as amended by P.L. 116-139 and P.L. 116-260) for the Paycheck Protection Program;
  • $992 million from funds provided by P.L. 116-260 for 7(a) loan guaranty program loan modifications, 7(a) and 504/CDC loan program fee reductions, and for 504/CDC loan program low-interest refinancing; and
  • $175 million from funds provided by P.L. 116-136 (as amended by P.L. 116-139 and P.L. 116-260) for the SBA's salaries and expenses account.

SBA Funding Within the Other Programs Category

The following section examines SBA appropriations and expenditures for FY2000-FY2022 for the five main components of the SBA's other programs spending category: (1) salaries and expenses, (2) business loan administration, (3) the OIG, (4) the Office of Advocacy (Advocacy), and (5) entrepreneurial development (ED) and other noncredit programs.

Salaries and Expenses

The SBA's salaries and expenses account currently provides funding for the following:

  • office operating budgets, which are used by program and administrative offices for daily operations, such as travel, supplies, and contracted services;
  • agency-wide costs, such as rent and telecommunications, which are managed centrally;
  • employee compensation and benefits, which are also managed centrally; and
  • reimbursable expenses for programs for which the SBA receives reimbursable budget authority from other federal government agencies.

Several adjustments were made to the SBA's reported appropriations for its salaries and expenses account to enable meaningful comparisons over time. For example, prior to FY2014, appropriations for the SBA's ED programs were included in the salaries and expenses account. They now have their own, separate appropriations account. Therefore, to allow for meaningful comparisons with current appropriations, Table 2 lists and deducts the reported appropriations for ED programs prior to FY2014 from the reported appropriations for salaries and expenses.

In addition, the SBA previously included appropriations for congressional initiatives (earmarks) under the salaries and expenses account. Therefore, to allow for meaningful comparisons with current appropriations and focus the comparison on administrative expenses, appropriations for earmarks are deducted from the reported appropriations for salaries and expenses.

Prior to FY2012, Advocacy was funded through the salaries and expenses' executive direction subaccount. Advocacy now has its own, separate appropriations account. To allow for meaningful comparisons with current appropriations, Table 2 lists Advocacy's funding provided through the salaries and expenses' executive direction subaccount prior to FY2012 and deducts that amount from the reported appropriations for salaries and expenses.

As discussed in greater detail below (see "Office of Advocacy"), data concerning Advocacy's funding provided through the salaries and expenses' executive direction subaccount are not available for FY2006-FY2010. However, in FY2003, FY2004, and FY2005, Advocacy's funding provided through the salaries and expenses' executive direction subaccount was 79% of its reported total cost. The estimates provided in the table for FY2006-FY2010 were derived by multiplying Advocacy's total program cost reported for each of those fiscal years by 79%.

As shown in Table 2, the SBA received an appropriation of $278.378 million for salaries and expenses in FY2022.

The SBA has statutory authorization to transfer appropriations from the business loan administration account into the salaries and expenses account. As evidenced by the amounts listed in the total spent column in Table 2, the SBA exercised that authority in every fiscal year from FY2000 to FY2021 (and is expected to do so in FY2022), transferring the entire appropriation for business loan administration into the salaries and expenses account in each of those fiscal years.

Table 2. Salaries and Expenses, FY2000-FY2022

(appropriations and available funds; $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Initial Appropriation

Minus Entrepreneurial Development Programsa

Minus Office of Advocacyb

Other Modifications

Final

Total Spentc

2022

$278.378

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$278.378

NA

2021

$270.157

‒‒

‒‒

$890.000d

$1,160.157

$2,155.288
anticipated

2020

$270.157

‒‒

‒‒

$2,775.000e

$3,045.157

$1,586.721

2019

$267.500

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$267.500

$449.100

2018

$268.500

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$268.500

$449.340

2017

$269.500

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$269.500

$451.330

2016

$268.000

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$268.000

$435.101

2015

$257.000

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$257.000

$427.126

2014

$250.000

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$250.000

$430.881

2013

$417.348f

($172.348)

‒‒

($21.830)g

$223.170

$380.642

2012

$417.348

($172.348)

‒‒

‒‒

$245.000

$401.701

2011

$433.438

($185.350)

($9.120)

($0.867)h

$238.101

$427.162

2010

$492.438

($185.350)

($7.361 est.)

$31.500i

$331.227

$487.687

2009

$455.503

($162.288)

($8.421 est.)

$45.000j

$329.794

$482.196

2008

$423.574

($140.946)

($7.215 est.)

‒‒

$275.413

$426.116

2007

$327.592

($128.500)

($7.788 est.)

‒‒

$191.304

$339.168

2006

$404.029

($128.500)

($7.398 est.)

($5.160)k

$262.971

$412.705

2005

$362.335

($134.463)

($7.481)

($4.951)l

$215.440

$361.321

2004

$371.650

($139.650)

($7.394)

($4.001)m

$220.605

$362.823

2003

$369.457

($136.475)

($6.857)

($2.401)n

$223.724

$379.544

2002

$338.476

($145.894)

($5.019)

($0.315)o

$187.248

$339.278

2001

$410.635

($200.994)

($5.443)

($0.903)p

$203.295

$321.743

2000

$322.800

($167.505)

($5.620)

($3.185)q

$176.490

$326.361

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), Congressional Budget Justification [FY2002-FY2010]; SBA, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2011-FY2023], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; SBA, Performance and Accountability Report [FY2003-FY2005]; P.L. 106-113, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2000; H.Rept. 106-479, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2000, and for other Purposes; H.Rept. 106-1005, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2001, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 107-278, Making Appropriations for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, The Judiciary, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2002, and For Other Purposes; P.L. 108-7, the Consolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003; H.Rept. 108-10, Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2003, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-401, Making Appropriations for Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2004, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-792, Making Appropriations for Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2005, and For Other Purposes; P.L. 109-148, the Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006; H.Rept. 109-272, Making Appropriations for Science, the Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2006, and For Other Purposes; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2008), committee print, 110th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2008 (Washington: GPO, 2008), p. 908; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2009), committee print, 111th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2010 (Washington: GPO, 2010), p. 996; P.L. 111-5, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009; P.L. 111-117, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 111-240, the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010; H.Rept. 111-366, Departments of Transportation and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011; P.L. 112-25, the Budget Control Act of 2011; P.L. 112-74, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012; P.L. 112-175, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; P.L. 113-2, the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-6, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-76, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; P.L. 113-235, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015; P.L. 114-113, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016; P.L. 115-31, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017; P.L. 115-141, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018; P.L. 116-6, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019; P.L. 116-93, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-136, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act); P.L. 116-139, the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act; P.L. 116-260, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021; P.L. 117-2, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021; and P.L. 117-103, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022.

a. From FY2000 to FY2005, Congress recommended appropriations for Advocacy's research program in its discussion of the SBA's entrepreneurial development (ED) programs. These recommended appropriations were deducted from the total for ED programs to avoid double counting. Advocacy's funding totals include its research program.

b. Advocacy's funding from the salaries and expenses' executive direction subaccount for FY2006-FY2010 is not available. The figures reported here for FY2006-FY2010 were estimated by CRS using the three previous fiscal year allocations (each were 79% of Advocacy's reported total program cost).

c. Appropriations prior to FY2014 for the SBA's ED programs were deducted from total available funds for comparative purposes. Appropriations prior to FY2012 for Advocacy were deducted from total available funds for comparative purposes. Reported total available funds already accounted for rescissions.

d. In FY2021, P.L. 116-260, the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits, and Venues Act (Division N, Title III of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, §323), appropriated $50 million for salaries and expenses to be used for reviews and audits of Paycheck Protect Program loans. P.L. 117-2 appropriated $840 million for administrative costs to prevent, prepare, and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic.

e. In FY2020, P.L. 116-136 appropriated $675 million and P.L. 116-139 appropriated $2.1 billion for salaries and expenses for expenses related to COVID-19.

f. In FY2013, P.L. 113-2 appropriated $20 million for salaries and expenses to provide technical assistance related to disaster recovery. The $20 million is not included in the table for comparative purposes.

g. In FY2013, P.L. 112-25 and P.L. 113-6 imposed a federal government-wide sequestration process and a 0.2% across-the-board rescission, resulting in a $21.830 million reduction for salaries and expenses.

h. In FY2011, P.L. 112-10 imposed a 0.2% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.867 million reduction for salaries and expenses.

i. In FY2010, P.L. 111-240 appropriated $155 million for salaries and expenses ($123.5 million of that amount was for ED programs and is not included in the table for comparative purposes).

j. In FY2009, P.L. 111-5 appropriated $69 million for salaries and expenses ($24 million of that amount was for the Microloan Technical Assistance program and is not included in the table for comparative purposes).

k. In FY2006, P.L. 109-148 imposed a 1.0% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $5.16 million reduction from salaries and expenses.

l. In FY2005, P.L. 108-447 imposed a 0.8% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $4.951 million reduction from salaries and expenses.

m. In FY2004, P.L. 108-199 imposed a 0.59% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $4.001 million reduction from salaries and expenses.

n. In FY2003, P.L. 108-7 imposed a 0.65% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $2.401 million reduction from salaries and expenses.

o. In FY2002, P.L. 107-206 imposed a rescission on federal agency administrative and travel accounts, resulting in a $0.315 million reduction from salaries and expenses.

p. In FY2001, P.L. 106-554 imposed a 0.22% rescission on federal agencies in FY2001, resulting in a $0.903 million reduction from salaries and expenses.

q. In FY2000, P.L. 106-113 imposed a 0.38% rescission on federal agencies in FY2000, resulting in a $3.185 million reduction from salaries and expenses.

Business Loan Administration

As shown in Table 3, the SBA received an appropriation of $163.0 million for business loan administration in FY2022.10 As mentioned, the SBA routinely transfers all business loan administration appropriations to the salaries and expenses account.

Table 3. Business Loan Administration, FY2000-FY2022

(appropriations and available funds; $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Initial
Appropriation

Modifications

Final Appropriation

Total
Transferred to Salaries and Expenses

2022

$163.000

‒‒

$163.000

NA

2021

$160.300

‒‒

$160.300

$160.300
anticipated

2020

$155.150

‒‒

$155.150

$155.150

2019

$155.150

‒‒

$155.150

$155.150

2018

$152.782

‒‒

$152.782

$152.782

2017

$152.726

‒‒

$152.726

$152.726

2016

$152.726

‒‒

$152.726

$152.726

2015

$147.726

‒‒

$147.726

$147.726

2014

$151.560

‒‒

$151.560

$151.560

2013

$147.958

($7.739)a

$140.219

$140.219

2012

$147.958

‒‒

$147.958

$147.958

2011

$153.000

($0.306)b

$152.694

$152.694

2010

$153.000

$6.500c

$159.500

$159.500

2009

$138.480

‒‒

$138.480

$138.480

2008

$135.414

‒‒

$135.414

$135.414

2007

$124.862

‒‒

$124.862

$124.862

2006

$125.307

($1.600)d

$123.707

$123.707

2005

$126.653

($1.692)e

$124.961

$124.961

2004

$128.000

($1.347)f

$126.653

$126.653

2003

$129.000

($0.839)g

$128.161

$128.161

2002

$129.000

‒‒

$129.000

$129.000

2001

$129.000

($0.284)h

$128.716

$128.716

2000

$129.000

‒‒

$129.000

$129.000

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), Congressional Budget Justification [FY2002-FY2010]; SBA, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2011-FY2023], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; H.Rept. 106-479, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2000, and for other Purposes; P.L. 106-554, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2001; H.Rept. 106-1005, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2001, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 107-278, Making Appropriations for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, The Judiciary, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2002, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-10, Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2003, and For Other Purposes; P.L. 108-199, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2004; H.Rept. 108-401, Making Appropriations for Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2004, and For Other Purposes; P.L. 108-447, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005; H.Rept. 108-792, Making Appropriations for Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2005, and For Other Purposes; P.L. 109-148, the Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006; H.Rept. 109-272, Making Appropriations for Science, the Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2006, and For Other Purposes; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2008), committee print, 110th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2008 (Washington: GPO, 2008), p. 908; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2009), committee print, 111th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2010 (Washington: GPO, 2010), p. 996; P.L. 111-5, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009; P.L. 111-117, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 111-240, the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010; H.Rept. 111-366, Departments of Transportation and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011; P.L. 112-25, the Budget Control Act of 2011; P.L. 112-74, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012; P.L. 112-175, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; P.L. 113-2, the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-6, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-76, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; P.L. 113-235, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015; P.L. 114-113, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016; P.L. 115-31, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017; P.L. 115-141, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018; P.L. 116-6, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019: P.L. 116-93, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-260, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021; and P.L. 117-103, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022.

a. In FY2013, P.L. 112-25, and P.L. 113-6 imposed a federal government-wide sequestration process and a required 0.2% across-the-board rescission, resulting in a $7.739 million reduction from business loan administration.

b. In FY2011, P.L. 112-10 imposed a 0.2% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.306 million reduction from business loan administration.

c. In FY2010, P.L. 111-240 appropriated $6.5 million for business loan administration (for costs associated with the Small Business Intermediary Lending Pilot Program).

d. In FY2006, P.L. 109-148 imposed a 1.0% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $1.6 million reduction from business loan administration.

e. In FY2005, P.L. 108-447 imposed a 0.8% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $1.692 million reduction from business loan administration.

f. In FY2004, P.L. 108-199 imposed a 0.59% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $1.347 million reduction from business loan administration.

g. In FY2003, P.L. 108-7 imposed a 0.65% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.839 million reduction from business loan administration.

h. In FY2001, P.L. 106-554 imposed a 0.22% rescission on federal agencies in FY2001, resulting in a $0.284 million reduction from business loan administration.

Office of Inspector General11

According to the SBA, the OIG's mission is to "provide independent, objective oversight to improve the integrity, accountability, and performance of the SBA and its programs for the benefit of the American people."12 The office was created within the SBA by the Inspector General Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-452, as amended). The inspector general, who is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate, directs the office. The Inspector General Act provides the OIG with the following responsibilities:

  • promote economy, efficiency, and effectiveness in the management of SBA programs and supporting operations;
  • conduct and supervise audits, investigations, and reviews relating to the SBA's programs and support operations;
  • detect and prevent fraud, waste, and abuse;
  • review existing and proposed legislation and regulations and make appropriate recommendations;
  • maintain effective working relationships with other governmental agencies and nongovernmental entities regarding the inspector general's mandated duties;
  • keep the SBA administrator and Congress informed of serious problems and recommend corrective actions and implementation measures;
  • comply with the comptroller general's audit standards;
  • avoid duplication of Government Accountability Office activities; and
  • report violations of federal criminal law to the U.S. attorney general.13

As shown in Table 4, the SBA OIG received an appropriation of $22.671 million in FY2022.

The OIG typically receives a transfer of appropriations from the disaster assistance account for auditing expenses ($1.6 million in FY2022). It was also provided additional appropriations in FY2006, FY2013, and FY2018 for expenses related to the review of SBA disaster loans following major hurricanes (e.g., Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma in 2005, Hurricane Sandy in 2012, and Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria in 2018).

In FY2009, the OIG was provided an additional $10 million to conduct oversight and audits of $730 million provided to the SBA by P.L. 111-5, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. In FY2020, the OIG received an additional $25 million for oversight and audits of $377.5 billion provided to the SBA by P.L. 116-136, the CARES Act. In FY2021, the OIG was provided an additional $20 million for oversight and audits of the $20 billion Targeted EIDL Advance payment program, which was authorized by the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits, and Venues Act (Division N, Title III of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, §323; P.L. 116-260) and an additional $25 million by P.L. 117-2, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, for conducting oversight of the SBA's programs.

Table 4. Office of Inspector General (OIG), FY2000-FY2022

(appropriations and available funds; $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Initial Appropriation

Transfer from the Disaster Account

Other Modifications

Final Appropriation

Total Spent

2022

$22.671

$1.600

‒‒

$24.271

NA

2021

$22.011

$1.600

$45.000a

$68.611

$30.003
anticipated

2020

$21.900

$1.600

$25.000b

$48.500

$24.023

2019

$21.900

$1.000

‒‒

$22.900

$22.706

2018

$19.900

$0.000

$7.000c

$26.900

$21.700

2017

$19.900

$1.000

‒‒

$20.900

$20.839

2016

$19.900

$1.000

‒‒

$20.900

$22.012

2015

$19.400

$1.000

‒‒

$20.400

$19.895

2014

$19.000

$1.000

‒‒

$20.000

$17.713

2013

$16.267

$1.000

$5.000
($1.101)d

$21.166

$16.524

2012

$16.267

$1.000

‒‒

$17.267

$17.874

2011

$16.300

$1.000

($0.033)e

$17.267

$18.189

2010

$16.300

$1.000

‒‒

$17.300

$18.579

2009

$16.750

$0.000

$10.000f

$26.750

$26.750

2008

$18.000

$1.000

‒‒

$19.000

$17.374

2007

$13.835

$1.985

‒‒

$15.820

$16.278

2006

$13.900

$1.500

$5.000
($0.178)g

$20.222

$14.953

2005

$13.014

$0.500

($0.181)h

$13.333

$13.488

2004

$13.000

$0.500

($0.141)i

$13.359

$13.359

2003

$12.422

$0.497

($0.081)j

$12.838

$12.635

2002

$11.464

$0.500

($0.006)k

$11.958

$12.428

2001

$11.953

$0.500

($0.026)l

$12.427

$12.368

2000

$11.000

$0.500

($0.095)m

$11.405

$11.338

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), Congressional Budget Justification [FY2002-FY2010]; SBA, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2011-FY2023], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; P.L. 106-113, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2000; P.L. 106-554, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2001; P.L. 107-206, the 2002 Supplemental Appropriations Act for Further Recovery From and Response to Terrorist Attacks on the United States; P.L. 108-7, the Consolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003; P.L. 108-199, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2004; P.L. 108-447, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005; P.L. 109-148, the Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006; P.L. 110-5, the Revised Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007; P.L. 111-5, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009; P.L. 111-117, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011; P.L. 112-25, the Budget Control Act of 2011; P.L. 112-74, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012, P.L. 112-175, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; P.L. 113-2, the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-6, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-76, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; P.L. 113-235, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015; P.L. 114-113, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016; P.L. 115-31, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017; P.L. 115-123, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018; P.L. 115-141, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018; P.L. 116-6, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019: 2020; P.L. 116-93, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-136, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act); P.L. 116-260, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021; P.L. 117-2, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021; and P.L. 117-103, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022.

a. In FY2021, P.L. 116-260, the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits, and Venues Act (Division N, Title III of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, §323), provided the OIG $20 million for oversight and audit of the Targeted EIDL Advance program. P.L. 117-2 provided the OIG $25 million for oversight of the SBA's programs.

b. In FY2020, P.L. 116-136 provided the OIG $25 million for oversight and audit of the CARES Act's programs to assist small businesses adversely affected by COVID-19.

c. In FY2018, P.L. 115-123. the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, provided the OIG $7 million to remain available until expended for expenses related to several hurricanes.

d. In FY2013, P.L. 113-2 provided the OIG $5 million to remain available until expended for expenses related to Hurricane Sandy. In addition, P.L. 112-25 and P.L. 113-6 imposed in a federal government-wide sequestration process and a required 0.2% across-the-board rescission, resulting in a $1.101 million reduction from the OIG.

e. In FY2011, P.L. 112-10 imposed a 0.2% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.033 million reduction from the OIG.

f. In FY2009, P.L. 111-5 provided the OIG $10 million for oversight and audit of ARRA programs, grants, and projects to remain available through September 30, 2013.

g. In FY2006, P.L. 109-148 provided the OIG $5 million "for necessary expenses related to the consequences of hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico in calendar year 2005." The act also imposed a 1.0% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.178 million reduction from the OIG.

h. In FY2005, P.L. 108-447 imposed a 0.8% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.181 million reduction from the OIG.

i. In FY2004, P.L. 108-199 imposed a 0.59% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.141 million reduction from the OIG.

j. In FY2003, P.L. 108-7 imposed a rescission of 0.65% on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.081 million reduction from the OIG.

k. In FY2002, P.L. 107-206 imposed a rescission on federal agency administrative and travel accounts, resulting in a $0.006 million reduction from the OIG.

l. In FY2001, P.L. 106-554 imposed a 0.22% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.026 million reduction from the OIG.

m. In FY2000, P.L. 106-113 required a 0.38% across-the-board rescission for federal agencies in FY2000, resulting in a $0.095 million reduction from the OIG.

Office of Advocacy14

The SBA indicates that its Office of Advocacy is "an independent voice for small business within the federal government" that is responsible for advancing the views and concerns of small businesses before Congress, the White House, federal agencies, the federal courts, and state and local policymakers.15 The chief counsel for Advocacy, who is nominated by the President from civilian life and confirmed by the Senate, directs the office. Advocacy's mission is to "encourage policies that support the development and growth of American small businesses" by

  • serving as a focal point for the receipt of complaints, criticisms, and suggestions concerning the policies and activities of the Administration and any other federal agency that affects small businesses;
  • counsel small businesses on how to resolve questions and problems concerning the relationship of the small business to the federal government;
  • developing proposals for changes in the policies and activities of any federal agency that will better fulfill the purposes of the Small Business Act and communicate such proposals to the appropriate federal agencies;
  • intervening early in federal agencies' regulatory development processes on proposals that affect small businesses and providing Regulatory Flexibility Act compliance training to federal agency policymakers and regulatory development officials;16
  • producing research to inform policymakers and other stakeholders on the impact of federal regulatory burdens on small businesses, document the vital role of small businesses in the economy, and explore and explain the wide variety of issues of concern to the small business community; and
  • fostering two-way communication between federal agencies and the small business community.17

As shown in Table 5, the SBA's Office of Advocacy received an appropriation of $9.466 million in FY2022.

Table 5. Office of Advocacy, FY2000-FY2022

(appropriations and available funds; $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Initial
Appropriation

Modifications

Final Appropriation

Total Spent

2022

$9.466

‒‒

$9.466

NA

2021

$9.190

‒‒

$9.190

$9.247
anticipated

2020

$9.120

‒‒

$9.120

$9.306

2019

$9.120

‒‒

$9.120

$10.698

2018

$9.120

‒‒

$9.120

$9.344

2017

$9.220

‒‒

$9.220

$8.113

2016

$9.120

‒‒

$9.120

$9.157

2015

$9.120

‒‒

$9.120

$9.120

2014

$8.750

‒‒

$8.750

$8.628

2013

$9.120

($0.477)a

$8.643

$8.644

2012

$9.120

‒‒

$9.120

$8.440

2011

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$9.120

2010

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$7.361 est.b

2009

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$8.421 est.b

2008

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$7.215 est.b

2007

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$7.788 est.b

2006

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$7.398 est.b

2005

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$7.481

2004

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$7.394

2003

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$6.857

2002

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$5.019

2001

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$5.443

2000

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$5.620

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), Congressional Budget Justification [FY2002-FY2010]; SBA, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2011-FY2023], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; SBA, Office of Advocacy, Congressional Budget Justification, Fiscal Year 2013, p. 3, at https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/files/3-508%20Compliant%20FY%202013%20Office%20of%20Advocacy%20CBJ(1).pdf; P.L. 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011; P.L. 112-25, the Budget Control Act of 2011; P.L. 112-74, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012; P.L. 112-175, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; P.L. 113-6, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-76, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; P.L. 113-235, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015; P.L. 114-113, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016; P.L. 115-31, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017; P.L. 115-141, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018; P.L. 116-6, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019: P.L. 116-93, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-260, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021; and P.L. 117-103, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022.

a. In FY2013, P.L. 112-25 and P.L. 113-6 imposed a federal government-wide sequestration process and a required 0.2% across-the-board rescission, resulting in a $0.477 million reduction for Advocacy.

b. Estimate of the funding provided from the salaries and expenses' executive direction subaccount, assuming that 79% of Advocacy's reported total program cost was provided from the salaries and expenses' executive direction subaccount, as it was in FY2003, FY2004, and FY2005.

P.L. 111-240, the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010, enhanced Advocacy's independence by ending the practice of funding Advocacy through the SBA's salaries and expenses' executive direction subaccount. Instead, P.L. 111-240 requires the President to provide a separate statement of the appropriations request for Advocacy, "which shall be designated in a separate account in the General Fund of the Treasury." The act also requires the SBA administrator to provide Advocacy with "appropriate and adequate office space at central and field office locations, together with such equipment, operating budget, and communications facilities and services as may be necessary, and ... necessary maintenance services for such offices and the equipment and facilities located in such offices." In addition, Congress has provided Advocacy its own, separate appropriations amount since FY2012.

As mentioned, prior to FY2012, the SBA reported Advocacy's total program cost, which includes funding provided through the salaries and expenses' executive direction subaccount, agency-wide overhead costs (rent, telecommunications, etc.), and other support costs (e.g., management and administrative support, including human resources support). From FY2000 to FY2005, the SBA provided relatively detailed information concerning Advocacy's budget, including the amount of funding Advocacy received through the salaries and expenses' executive direction subaccount. Also, Advocacy's FY2013 congressional budget justification document included the amount of funding Advocacy received through the salaries and expenses' executive direction subaccount in FY2011. However, those data are not available for FY2006-FY2010, and it was therefore necessary to estimate Advocacy's funding from the salaries and expenses' executive direction subaccount for those years. The estimates provided in the table were derived by multiplying Advocacy's total program cost for each of those fiscal years by 79%, which was the proportion of Advocacy's total program costs provided from the salaries and expenses' executive direction subaccount in FY2003, FY2004, and FY2005.

Entrepreneurial Development and Other Noncredit Programs18

The SBA's entrepreneurial development (ED) and other noncredit programs provide a variety of management and training services to small businesses. Congress provides appropriations for

  • eight management and technical assistance training programs: Small Business Development Centers, the Microloan Technical Assistance Program, Women Business Centers, SCORE, the Program for Investment in Microentrepreneurs (PRIME), Veterans Programs (including Veterans Business Outreach Centers, Boots to Business, Boots to Business: Reboot, Veteran Women Igniting the Spirit of Entrepreneurship [VWISE], and Entrepreneurship Bootcamp for Veterans with Disabilities), the 7(j) Technical Assistance Program, and the Native American Outreach Program;
  • two relatively long-standing nontraining programs: the National Women's Business Council and HUBZone administration;
  • three initiatives: the Entrepreneurial Development Initiative (Clusters), the Entrepreneurship Education Initiative, and Growth Accelerators; and
  • three noncredit grant programs: the $20.0 million Step Trade and Export Promotion (STEP) Pilot Grant program,19 the $3 million Cybersecurity for Small Business Pilot Program,20 and the $6 million Federal and State Technology (FAST) Partnership Program.21

Initially, the SBA provided its own management and technical assistance training programs. Over time, however, the SBA has increasingly relied on third parties to provide that training. The SBA reports that nearly 1 million aspiring entrepreneurs and small business owners receive training from an SBA-supported resource partner each year.22

Congress specifies appropriations in appropriations acts for the Small Business Development Center (SBDC) program, the Microloan Technical Assistance program, and the STEP program. Congress provides an overall appropriation for the SBA's ED programs and recommends appropriations for the SBA's other ED programs, typically in the conference agreement or "Explanatory Statement" accompanying the appropriations act. As a result, the following tables refer to appropriations for the SBDC and Microloan Technical Assistance programs and recommended appropriations for other ED programs. Although not legally binding, the SBA has traditionally adhered to these recommended funding amounts.

Small Business Development Centers

SBDCs provide free or low-cost assistance to small businesses using programs customized to local conditions. SBDCs support small business in marketing and business strategy, finance, technology transfer, government contracting, management, manufacturing, engineering, sales, accounting, exporting, and other topics. They are funded by grants from the SBA and matching funds. There are 62 lead SBDC service centers, at least one in each state (with four in Texas and six in California), the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. These lead SBDC service centers manage more than 900 SBDC outreach locations.

As shown in Table 6, SBDCs received an appropriation of $138.0 million in FY2022; an additional $50 million in FY2010, which was spent over two fiscal years; and an additional $192 million in FY2020.23 In addition, P.L. 117-2 appropriated $100 million for a community navigator pilot grant program to improve small business access to COVID-19-related assistance programs and $75 million for outreach and education programs.24 The SBA's resource partners, including SBDC, Women Business Centers, and SCORE, are eligible to apply for these competitive grants.25

Table 6. Small Business Development Centers (SBDCs), FY2000-FY2022

(appropriations and expenditures; $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Initial Appropriation

Modifications

Final Appropriation

Total Spent

2022

$138.000

‒‒

$138.000

NA

2021

$136.000

‒‒

$136.000

$136.400
anticipated

2020

$135.000

$192.000a

$327.000

$327.999

2019

$131.000

‒‒

$131.000

$131.069

2018

$130.000

‒‒

$130.000

$131.394

2017

$125.000

‒‒

$125.000

$126.532

2016

$117.000

‒‒

$117.000

$121.200

2015

$115.000

‒‒

$115.000

$114.895

2014

$113.625

‒‒

$113.625

$110.510

2013

$112.500

($9.060)b

$103.440

$104.854

2012

$112.500

‒‒

$112.500

$114.558

2011

$113.000

($0.226)
$33.800c

$146.574

$153.716

2010

$113.000

$16.200d

$129.200

$128.824

2009

$110.000

‒‒

$110.000

$116.068

2008

$97.120

‒‒

$97.120

$97.321

2007

$89.000

‒‒

$89.000

$88.973

2006

$89.000

($0.890)e

$88.110

$88.424

2005

$89.000

($0.712)f

$88.288

$88.576

2004

$89.000

($0.525)g

$88.475

$89.161

2003

$89.000

($0.578)h

$88.422

$85.791

2002

$88.000

‒‒

$88.000

$90.100

2001

$88.000

($0.194)i

$87.806

$85.993

2000

$84.500

($0.321)j

$84.179

$84.074

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), Congressional Budget Justification [FY2002-FY2010]; SBA, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2011-FY2023], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; P.L. 109-148, the Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006; P.L. 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011; P.L. 112-25, the Budget Control Act of 2011; P.L. 112-74, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012, P.L. 112-175, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; P.L. 113-6, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-76, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; P.L. 113-235, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015; P.L. 114-113, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016; P.L. 115-31, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017; P.L. 115-141, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018; P.L. 116-6, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019: P.L. 116-93, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-136, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act); P.L. 116-260, the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021; and P.L. 117-103, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022.

a. In FY2020, P.L. 116-136 provided the SBDC program $192 million. The act also provided $25 million for SBA resource partners, including SBDCs, to provide online information and training to assist small businesses adversely affected by COVID-19.

b. In FY2013, P.L. 112-25 and P.L. 113-6 imposed in a federal government-wide sequestration process and a required 0.2% across-the-board rescission, resulting in a $9.060 million reduction from SBDCs.

c. In FY2011, P.L. 112-10 imposed a 0.2% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.226 million reduction from SBDCs.

d. In FY2010, P.L. 111-240 provided the SBDC program $50 million to remain available until September 30, 2012. The SBA provided $16.2 million of this amount to the SBDC program in FY2010 and the remaining $33.8 million in FY2011.

e. In FY2006, P.L. 109-148 imposed a 1.0% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.890 million reduction from SBDCs.

f. In FY2005, P.L. 108-447 imposed a 0.8% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.712 million reduction from SBDCs.

g. In FY2004, P.L. 108-199 imposed a 0.59% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.525 million reduction from SBDCs.

h. In FY2003, P.L. 108-7 imposed a rescission of 0.65% on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.578 million reduction from SBDCs.

i. In FY2001, P.L. 106-554 imposed a 0.22% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.194 million reduction from SBDCs.

j. In FY2000, P.L. 106-113 required a 0.38% across-the-board rescission for federal agencies, resulting in a $0.321 million reduction from SBDCs.

Microloan Technical Assistance Program

The SBA's Microloan lending program is designed to address the perceived disadvantages faced by women, low-income, veteran, and minority entrepreneurs and business owners in gaining access to capital for starting or expanding their business (see P.L. 102-140, the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1992). Under the Microloan program, the SBA provides direct loans to qualified nonprofit intermediary Microloan lenders who, in turn, provide "microloans" of up to $50,000 to small business owners, entrepreneurs, and nonprofit child care centers.

The SBA's Microloan Technical Assistance program is part of the SBA's Microloan program but receives a separate appropriation. It provides grants to Microloan intermediaries to offer management and technical training assistance to Microloan program borrowers and prospective borrowers.26 There are currently 140 active Microloan intermediaries, serving 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.27

As shown in Table 7, the Microloan Technical Assistance program received an appropriation of $37.0 million in FY2022.

Table 7. Microloan Technical Assistance Program, FY2000-FY2022

(appropriations and expenditures; $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Initial Appropriation

Modifications

Final Appropriation

Total Spent

2022

$37.000

‒‒

$37.000

NA

2021

$35.000

$50.000

$85.000

$85.000
anticipated

2020

$34.500

‒‒

$34.500

$34.651

2019

$31.000

‒‒

$31.000

$34.019

2018

$31.000

‒‒

$31.000

$31.567

2017

$31.000

‒‒

$31.000

$23.535

2016

$25.000

‒‒

$25.000

$24.340

2015

$22.300

‒‒

$22.300

$22.247

2014

$20.000

‒‒

$20.000

$19.267

2013

$20.000

($0.191)a

$19.809

$19.985

2012

$20.000

‒‒

$20.000

$19.446

2011

$22.000

($0.044)b

$21.956

$24.603

2010

$22.000

$24.000c

$46.000

$43.220

2009

$20.000

‒‒

$20.000

$19.813

2008

$15.000

‒‒

$15.000

$14.816

2007

$13.000

‒‒

$13.000

$12.800

2006

$13.000

($0.130)d

$12.870

$12.792

2005

$14.000

($0.112)e

$13.888

$13.813

2004

$15.000

($0.089)f

$14.911

$14.655

2003

$15.000

($0.098)g

$14.902

$14.899

2002

$17.500

‒‒

$17.500

$17.742

2001

$20.000

($0.044)h

$19.956

$18.385

2000

$23.200

($0.088)i

$23.112

$19.243

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), Congressional Budget Justification [FY2002-FY2010]; SBA, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2011-FY2023], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; P.L. 109-148, the Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006; P.L. 111-5, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009; P.L. 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011; P.L. 112-25, the Budget Control Act of 2011; P.L. 112-74, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012, P.L. 112-175, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; P.L. 113-6, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-76, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; P.L. 113-235, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015; P.L. 114-113, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016; P.L. 115-31, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017; P.L. 115-141, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018; P.L. 116-6, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019: P.L. 116-93, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020; P.L. 116-260, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021; and P.L. 117-103, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022.

a. In FY2013, P.L. 112-25 and P.L. 113-6 imposed in a federal government-wide sequestration process and a required 0.2% across-the-board rescission, resulting in a $0.191 million reduction from the Microloan Technical Assistance program.

b. In FY2011, P.L. 112-10 imposed a 0.2% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.044 million reduction from the Microloan Technical Assistance program.

c. In FY2009, P.L. 111-5 provided the Microloan Technical Assistance Program an additional $24 million to remain available until September 30, 2010. The funds were awarded in FY2010.

d. In FY2006, P.L. 109-148 imposed a 1.0% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.130 million reduction from the Microloan Technical Assistance program.

e. In FY2005, P.L. 108-447 imposed a 0.8% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.112 million reduction from the Microloan Technical Assistance program.

f. In FY2004, P.L. 108-199 imposed a 0.59% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.089 million reduction from the Microloan Technical Assistance program.

g. In FY2003, P.L. 108-7 imposed a rescission of 0.65% on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.098 million reduction from the Microloan Technical Assistance program.

h. In FY2001, P.L. 106-554 imposed a 0.22% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.044 million reduction from the Microloan Technical Assistance program.

i. In FY2000, P.L. 106-113 required a 0.38% across-the-board rescission for federal agencies in FY2000, resulting in a $0.088 million reduction from the Microloan Technical Assistance program.

Women Business Centers

The Women's Business Center (WBC) Renewable Grant Program was initially established by P.L. 100-533, the Women's Business Ownership Act of 1988, as the Women's Business Demonstration Pilot Program. The act directed the SBA to provide financial assistance to private, nonprofit organizations to conduct demonstration projects providing financial, management, and marketing assistance to small businesses, including start-up businesses, owned and controlled by women. Since its inception, the program has targeted the needs of socially and economically disadvantaged women.28 The WBC program was expanded and provided permanent legislative status by P.L. 109-108, the Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006.

Currently, there are 146 WBCs located throughout the states and territories.29

As shown in Table 8, WBC's received a recommended appropriation of $24.4 million in FY2022.

As mentioned, P.L. 117-2 appropriated $100 million for a community navigator pilot grant program to improve small business access to COVID-19-related assistance programs and $75 million for outreach and education programs. The SBA's resource partners, including SBDC, WBCs, and SCORE, are eligible to apply for these competitive grants.

Table 8. Women Business Centers (WBCs), FY2000-FY2022

(recommended appropriations and expenditures; $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Initial Recommended Appropriation

Modifications

Final Recommended Appropriation

Total Spent

2022

$24.400

‒‒

$24.400

NA

2021

$23.000

‒‒

$23.000

$24.500
anticipated

2020

$22.500

$48.000a

$70.500

$64.605

2019

$18.500

‒‒

$18.500

$16.696

2018

$18.000

‒‒

$18.000

$17.302

2017

$18.000

‒‒

$18.000

$15.849

2016

$17.000

‒‒

$17.000

$17.335

2015

$15.000

‒‒

$15.000

$14.500

2014

$14.000

‒‒

$14.000

$13.982

2013

$14.000

($1.112)b

$12.888

$12.887

2012

$14.000

‒‒

$14.000

$13.721

2011

$14.000

($0.028)c

$13.972

$13.866

2010

$14.000

‒‒

$14.000

$13.997

2009

$13.750

‒‒

$13.750

$13.750

2008

$13.000

‒‒

$13.000

$12.981

2007

$12.500

‒‒

$12.500

$12.340

2006

$12.500

($0.125)d

$12.375

$12.197

2005

$12.500

($0.100)e

$12.400

$12.205

2004

$12.500

($0.074)f

$12.426

$12.245

2003

$12.500

($0.081)g

$12.419

$12.298

2002

$12.000

‒‒

$12.000

$12.000

2001

$12.000

($0.026)h

$11.974

$11.989

2000

$9.000

($0.034)i

$8.966

$8.926

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), Congressional Budget Justification [FY2002-FY2010]; SBA, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2011-FY2023], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; H.Rept. 106-479, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2000, and for other Purposes; H.Rept. 106-1005, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2001, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 107-278, Making Appropriations for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, The Judiciary, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2002, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-10, Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2003, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-401, Making Appropriations for Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2004, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-792, Making Appropriations for Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2005, and For Other Purposes; P.L. 109-148, the Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006; H.Rept. 109-272, Making Appropriations for Science, the Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2006, and For Other Purposes; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2008), committee print, 110th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2008 (Washington: GPO, 2008), p. 908; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2009), committee print, 111th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2010 (Washington: GPO, 2010), p. 996; H.Rept. 111-366, Departments of Transportation and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011; P.L. 112-25, the Budget Control Act of 2011; P.L. 112-74, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012, P.L. 112-175, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; P.L. 113-6, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-76, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 83," Congressional Record, vol. 160, no. 151-Book II (December 11, 2014), p. H9740; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding House Amendment No. 1 to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 2029 Consolidated Appropriations Act," Congressional Record, vol. 161, no. 184-Book II (December 17, 2015), p. H10139; P.L. 114-223, the Continuing Appropriations and Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2017; Rep. Rodney Frelinghuysen, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 244 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017]," Congressional Record, vol. 163, no. 76-Book II (May 3, 2017), p. H3786; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Frelinghuysen, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 1625 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018] (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2018)," p. 87; H.Rept. 116-9, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019, p. 680; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (Division C – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2020)," p. 38; P.L. 116-136, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act); "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 133, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)," p. 52; and Rep. Rosa DeLauro, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. DeLauro, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 2471, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2022)," 117th Cong., 2nd sess., March 9, 2022, p. 53, at http://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20220307/BILLS-117RCP35-JES-DIVISION-E.pdf.

a. In FY2020, P.L. 116-136 provided WBCs $48 million. The act also provided $25 million for SBA resource partners, including WBCs, to provide online information and training to assist small businesses adversely affected by COVID-19.

b. In FY2013, P.L. 112-25 and P.L. 113-6 imposed in a federal government-wide sequestration process and a required 0.2% across-the-board rescission, resulting in a $1.112 million reduction from WBCs.

c. In FY2011, P.L. 112-10 imposed a 0.2% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.028 million reduction from WBCs.

d. In FY2006, P.L. 109-148 imposed a 1.0% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.125 million reduction from WBCs.

e. In FY2005, P.L. 108-447 imposed a 0.8% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.100 million reduction from WBCs.

f. In FY2004, P.L. 108-199 imposed a 0.59% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.074 million reduction from WBCs.

g. In FY2003, P.L. 108-7 imposed a rescission of 0.65% on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.081 million reduction from WBCs.

h. In FY2001, P.L. 106-554 imposed a 0.22% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.026 million reduction from WBCs.

i. In FY2000, P.L. 106-113 required a 0.38% across-the-board rescission for federal agencies in FY2000, resulting in a $0.034 million reduction from WBCs.

SCORE

The SBA provides financial assistance to SCORE (formerly the Service Corps of Retired Executives) to provide in-person mentoring and online training to small business owners and prospective owners.30 SCORE has more than 250 chapters located throughout the United States. SCORE partners with more than 10,000 volunteer counselors, who are working or retired business owners, executives and corporate leaders, to provide management and training assistance to small businesses "at no charge or at very low cost."31

As shown in Table 9, SCORE's FY2022 recommended appropriation is $14.0 million.

As mentioned, P.L. 117-2 appropriated $100 million for a community navigator pilot grant program to improve small business access to COVID-19-related assistance programs and $75 million for outreach and education programs. The SBA's resource partners, including SBDC, WBCs, and SCORE, are eligible to apply for these competitive grants.

Table 9. SCORE, FY2000-FY2022

(recommended appropriations and expenditures; $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Initial Recommended Appropriation

Modifications

Final Recommended Appropriation

Total Spent

2022

$14.000

‒‒

$14.000

NA

2021

$12.200

‒‒

$12.200

$12.200
anticipated

2020

$11.700

‒‒

$11.700

$11.700

2019

$11.700

‒‒

$11.700

$11.700

2018

$11.500

‒‒

$11.500

$11.500

2017

$10.500

‒‒

$10.500

$10.500

2016

$10.500

‒‒

$10.500

$10.500

2015

$8.000

‒‒

$8.000

$8.000

2014

$7.000

‒‒

$7.000

$7.000

2013

$7.000

($0.556)a

$6.444

$6.440

2012

$7.000

‒‒

$7.000

$7.000

2011

$7.000

($0.014)b

$6.986

$6.986

2010

$7.000

‒‒

$7.000

$7.000

2009

$5.000

‒‒

$5.000

$5.000

2008

$4.950

‒‒

$4.950

$4.950

2007

$5.000

‒‒

$5.000

$4.936

2006

$5.000

($0.050)c

$4.950

$4.936

2005

$5.000

($0.040)d

$4.960

$4.933

2004

$5.000

($0.030)e

$4.970

$4.958

2003

$5.000

($0.033)f

$4.967

$4.977

2002

$5.000

‒‒

$5.000

$5.010

2001

$3.750

($0.008)g

$3.742

$3.750

2000

$3.500

($0.013)h

$3.487

$3.471

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), Congressional Budget Justification [FY2002-FY2010]; SBA, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2011-FY2023], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; H.Rept. 106-479, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2000, and for other Purposes; H.Rept. 106-1005, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2001, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 107-278, Making Appropriations for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, The Judiciary, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2002, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-10, Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2003, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-401, Making Appropriations for Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2004, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-792, Making Appropriations for Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2005, and For Other Purposes; P.L. 109-148, the Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006; H.Rept. 109-272, Making Appropriations for Science, the Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2006, and For Other Purposes; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2008), committee print, 110th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2008 (Washington: GPO, 2008), p. 908; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2009), committee print, 111th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2010 (Washington: GPO, 2010), p. 996; H.Rept. 111-366, Departments of Transportation and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011; P.L. 112-25, the Budget Control Act of 2011; P.L. 112-74, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012, P.L. 112-175, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; P.L. 113-6, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-76, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 83," Congressional Record, vol. 160, no. 151-Book II (December 11, 2014), p. H9740; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding House Amendment No. 1 to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 2029 Consolidated Appropriations Act," Congressional Record, vol. 161, no. 184-Book II (December 17, 2015), p. H10139; P.L. 114-223, the Continuing Appropriations and Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2017; Rep. Rodney Frelinghuysen, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 244 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017]," Congressional Record, vol. 163, no. 76-Book II (May 3, 2017), p. H3786; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Frelinghuysen, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 1625 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018] (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2018)," p. 87; H.Rept. 116-9, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019, p. 680; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (Division C – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2020)," p. 38; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 133, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)," p. 52; and Rep. Rosa DeLauro, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. DeLauro, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 2471, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2022)," 117th Cong., 2nd sess., March 9, 2022, p. 53, at http://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20220307/BILLS-117RCP35-JES-DIVISION-E.pdf.

a. In FY2013, P.L. 112-25 and P.L. 113-6 imposed in a federal government-wide sequestration process and a required 0.2% across-the-board rescission, resulting in a $0.556 million reduction from SCORE.

b. In FY2011, P.L. 112-10 imposed a 0.2% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.014 million reduction from SCORE.

c. In FY2006, P.L. 109-148 imposed a 1.0% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.050 million reduction from SCORE.

d. In FY2005, P.L. 108-447 imposed a 0.8% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.040 million reduction from SCORE.

e. In FY2004, P.L. 108-199 imposed a 0.59% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.030 million reduction from SCORE.

f. In FY2003, P.L. 108-7 imposed a rescission of 0.65% on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.033 million reduction from SCORE.

g. In FY2001, P.L. 106-554 imposed a 0.22% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.008 million reduction from SCORE.

h. In FY2000, P.L. 106-113 required a 0.38% across-the-board rescission for federal agencies in FY2000, resulting in a $0.013 million reduction from SCORE.

Program for Investment in Microentrepreneurs

The Program for Investment in Microentrepreneurs (PRIME) provides grants to nonprofit microenterprise development organizations or programs that have "a demonstrated record of delivering microenterprise services to disadvantaged entrepreneurs; an intermediary; a microenterprise development organization or program that is accountable to a local community, working in conjunction with a state or local government or Indian tribe; or an Indian tribe acting on its own, if the Indian tribe can certify that no private organization or program referred to in this paragraph exists within its jurisdiction."32

As shown in Table 10, PRIME received a recommended appropriation of $7.0 million in FY2022.

The Obama Administration argued that PRIME overlaps and duplicates the SBA's Microloan Technical Assistance program and recommended in its FY2012-FY2017 budget requests that PRIME receive no appropriations. As shown in the table, in FY2013, the Obama Administration eliminated PRIME's appropriation as part of the SBA's sequestration process.

The Trump Administration recommended in its FY2018-FY2021 budget requests that the PRIME program receive no appropriations for the same reasons that the Obama Administration had presented.33 The Biden Administration requested that PRIME receive $12.5 million in FY2022.34

Table 10. Program for Investment in Microentrepreneurs (PRIME), FY2001-FY2022

(recommended appropriations and expenditures; $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Initial Recommended Appropriation

Modifications

Final Recommended Appropriation

Total Spent

2022

$7.000

‒‒

$7.000

NA

2021

$5.500

‒‒

$5.500

$5.500
anticipated

2020

$5.500

‒‒

$5.500

$5.559

2019

$5.000

‒‒

$5.000

$4.878

2018

$5.000

‒‒

$5.000

$5.296

2017

$5.000

‒‒

$5.000

$4.700

2016

$5.000

‒‒

$5.000

$5.000

2015

$5.000

‒‒

$5.000

$5.000

2014

$3.500

‒‒

$3.500

$3.500

2013

$3.500

($3.500)a

$0.000

$0.000

2012

$3.500

‒‒

$3.500

$3.343

2011

$8.000

($0.016)b

$7.984

$7.983

2010

$8.000

‒‒

$8.000

$8.000

2009

$5.000

‒‒

$5.000

$5.000

2008

$3.000

‒‒

$3.000

$2.715

2007

$2.000

‒‒

$2.000

$1.835

2006

$2.000

($0.020)c

$1.980

$1.920

2005

$5.000

($0.040)d

$4.960

$4.903

2004

$5.000

($0.030)e

$4.970

$4.947

2003

$5.000

($0.033)f

$4.964

$4.537

2002

$5.000

‒‒

$5.000

$4.500

2001

$15.000

($0.033)g

$14.964

$15.000

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), Congressional Budget Justification [FY2002-FY2010]; SBA, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2011-FY2023], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; H.Rept. 106-479, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2000, and for other Purposes; H.Rept. 106-1005, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2001, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 107-278, Making Appropriations for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, The Judiciary, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2002, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-10, Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2003, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-401, Making Appropriations for Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2004, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-792, Making Appropriations for Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2005, and For Other Purposes; P.L. 109-148, the Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006; H.Rept. 109-272, Making Appropriations for Science, the Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2006, and For Other Purposes; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2008), committee print, 110th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2008 (Washington: GPO, 2008), p. 908; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2009), committee print, 111th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2010 (Washington: GPO, 2010), p. 996; H.Rept. 111-366, Departments of Transportation and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011; P.L. 112-25, the Budget Control Act of 2011; P.L. 112-74, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012, P.L. 112-175, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; P.L. 113-6, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-76, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 83," Congressional Record, vol. 160, no. 151-Book II (December 11, 2014), p. H9740; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding House Amendment No. 1 to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 2029 Consolidated Appropriations Act," Congressional Record, vol. 161, no. 184-Book II (December 17, 2015), p. H10139; P.L. 114-223, the Continuing Appropriations and Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2017; Rep. Rodney Frelinghuysen, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 244 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017]," Congressional Record, vol. 163, no. 76-Book II (May 3, 2017), p. H3786; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Frelinghuysen, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 1625 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018] (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2018)," p. 87; H.Rept. 116-9, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019, p. 680; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (Division C – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2020)," p. 38; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 133, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)," p. 52; and Rep. Rosa DeLauro, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. DeLauro, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 2471, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2022)," 117th Cong., 2nd sess., March 9, 2022, p. 53, at http://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20220307/BILLS-117RCP35-JES-DIVISION-E.pdf.

a. In FY2013, P.L. 112-25 and P.L. 113-6 imposed in a federal government-wide sequestration process and a required 0.2% across-the-board rescission, resulting in a $3.5 million reduction from PRIME.

b. In FY2011, P.L. 112-10 imposed a 0.2% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.016 million reduction from PRIME.

c. In FY2006, P.L. 109-148 imposed a 1.0% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.020 million reduction from PRIME.

d. In FY2005, P.L. 108-447 imposed a 0.8% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.040 million reduction from PRIME.

e. In FY2004, P.L. 108-199 imposed a 0.59% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.030 million reduction from PRIME.

f. In FY2003, P.L. 108-7 imposed a rescission of 0.65% on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.033 million reduction from PRIME.

g. In FY2001, P.L. 106-554 imposed a 0.22% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.033 million reduction from PRIME.

Veterans Programs

The SBA's Office of Veterans Business Development (OVBD) administers several management and training programs to assist veteran-owned businesses, including

  • the Entrepreneurship Bootcamp for Veterans with Disabilities Consortium of Universities, which provides "experiential training in entrepreneurship and small business management to post-9/11 veterans with disabilities" at eight universities;35
  • the Veteran Women Igniting the Spirit of Entrepreneurship (V-WISE) program, which is administered through a cooperative agreement with Syracuse University, offers women veterans a 15-day, online course focused on entrepreneurship skills and the "language of business," followed by a 3-day conference (offered twice a year at varying locations) in which participants "are exposed to successful entrepreneurs and CEOs of Fortune 500 companies and leaders in government" and participate in courses on business planning, marketing, accounting and finance, operations and production, human resources, and work-life balance;36
  • the Operation Endure and Grow Program, which is administered through a cooperative agreement with Syracuse University, offers an eight-week online training program "focused on the fundamentals of launching and/or growing a small business" and is available to National Guard and reservists and their family members;37
  • the Boots to Business program (started in 2012), which is "an elective track within the Department of Defense's revised Training Assistance Program called Transition Goals, Plans, Success (Transition GPS) and has three parts: the Entrepreneurship Track Overview—a 10-minute introductory video shown during the mandatory five-day Transition GPS course which introduces entrepreneurship as a post-service career option; Introduction to Entrepreneurship—a two-day classroom course on entrepreneurship and business fundamentals offered as one of the three Transition GPS elective tracks; and Foundations of Entrepreneurship—an eight-week, instructor-led online course that offers in-depth instruction on the elements of a business plan and tips and techniques for starting a business";38
  • the Boots to Business Reboot program (started in 2014), which assists veterans who have already transitioned to civilian life; and
  • the Veterans Business Outreach Centers (VBOC) program, which provides veterans and their spouses management and technical assistance training at 22 locations, including assistance with the Boots to Business program, the development and maintenance of a five-year business plan, and referrals to other SBA resource partners when appropriate for additional training or mentoring services.39

Prior to FY2016, Congress recommended appropriations for VBOCs and, in FY2014 and FY2015, for the Boots to Business initiative ($7 million in FY2014 and $7.5 million in FY2015). Funding for the OVBD's other veterans assistance programs were provided through the SBA's salaries and expenses account.

Starting in FY2016, Congress has recommended appropriations for OVBD's programs as a whole: $12.3 million in FY2016, FY2017, and FY2018, $12.7 million in FY2019, $14 million in FY2020 and FY2021, and $16.0 million in FY2022.

Table 11. Veterans Outreach Programs, FY2015-FY2022

(recommended appropriations and expenditures; $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Initial Recommended Appropriation

Modifications

Final Recommended Appropriation

Total Spent

2022

$16.000

‒‒

$16.000

NA

2021

$14.000

‒‒

$14.000

$14.000
anticipated

2020

$14.000

‒‒

$14.000

$14.622

2019

$12.700

‒‒

$12.700

$12.224

2018

$12.300

‒‒

$12.300

$12.558

2017

$12.300

‒‒

$12.300

$12.572

2016

$12.300

‒‒

$12.300

$12.808

2015

$10.500

‒‒

$10.500

$10.733

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2016-FY2023], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 83," Congressional Record, vol. 160, no. 151-Book II (December 11, 2014), p. H9740; P.L. 114-223, the Continuing Appropriations and Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2017; Rep. Rodney Frelinghuysen, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 244 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017]," Congressional Record, vol. 163, no. 76-Book II (May 3, 2017), p. H3786; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Frelinghuysen, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 1625 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018] (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2018)," p. 87; H.Rept. 116-9, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019, p. 680; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (Division C – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2020)," p. 38; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 133, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)," p. 52; and Rep. Rosa DeLauro, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. DeLauro, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 2471, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2022)," 117th Cong., 2nd sess., March 9, 2022, p. 53, at http://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20220307/BILLS-117RCP35-JES-DIVISION-E.pdf.

Recommended appropriations for VBOCs from FY2000-FY2015 are presented in Table 12 for historical comparisons. As the data indicate, recommended appropriations for VBOCs increased from $0.613 million in FY2000 to $3 million in FY2015. OVBD expenditures in FY2000-FY2015 are presented in the table's last column for comparative purposes.

Table 12. Veterans Business Outreach Centers (VBOC) Program, FY2000-FY2015

(recommended appropriations and expenditures, $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Initial Recommended Appropriation

Modifications

Final Recommended Appropriation

Total Spent

2015

$3.000

‒‒

$3.000

$3.000

2014

$2.500

‒‒

$2.500

$2.500

2013

$2.500

($0.003)a

$2.497

$2.497

2012

$2.500

‒‒

$2.500

$2.500

2011

$2.500

($0.005)b

$2.495

$2.495

2010

$2.500

‒‒

$2.500

$2.500

2009

$1.200

‒‒

$1.200

$1.200

2008

$0.743

‒‒

$0.743

$0.743

2007

$0.750

‒‒

$0.750

$0.741

2006

$0.750

($0.008)c

$0.742

$0.738

2005

$0.750

($0.006)d

$0.744

$0.731

2004

$0.750

($0.004)e

$0.746

$0.737

2003

$0.750

($0.005)f

$0.745

$0.667

2002

$0.750

‒‒

$0.750

$0.617

2001

$0.000g

‒‒

$0.000

NA

2000

$0.615

($0.002)h

$0.613

$0.615

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), Congressional Budget Justification [FY2002-FY2010]; SBA, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2011-FY2016], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; H.Rept. 106-479, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2000, and for other Purposes; H.Rept. 106-1005, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2001, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 107-278, Making Appropriations for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, The Judiciary, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2002, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-10, Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2003, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-401, Making Appropriations for Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2004, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-792, Making Appropriations for Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2005, and For Other Purposes; P.L. 109-148, the Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006; H.Rept. 109-272, Making Appropriations for Science, the Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2006, and For Other Purposes; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2008), committee print, 110th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2008 (Washington: GPO, 2008), p. 908; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2009), committee print, 111th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2010 (Washington: GPO, 2010), p. 996; H.Rept. 111-366, Departments of Transportation and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011; P.L. 112-25, the Budget Control Act of 2011; P.L. 112-74, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012, P.L. 112-175, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; P.L. 113-6, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-76, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; and Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 83," Congressional Record, vol. 160, no. 151-Book II (December 11, 2014), p. H9740.

a. In FY2013, P.L. 112-25, and P.L. 113-6 imposed in a federal government-wide sequestration process and a required 0.2% across-the-board rescission, resulting in a $0.003 million reduction from the VBOC program.

b. In FY2011, P.L. 112-10 imposed a 0.2% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.005 million reduction from the VBOC program.

c. In FY2006, P.L. 109-148 imposed a 1.0% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.008 million reduction from the VBOC program.

d. In FY2005, P.L. 108-447 imposed a 0.8% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.006 million reduction from the VBOC program.

e. In FY2004, P.L. 108-199 imposed a 0.59% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.004 million reduction from the VBOC program.

f. In FY2003, P.L. 108-7 imposed a rescission of 0.65% on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.005 million reduction from the VBOC program.

g. In FY2001, Congress recommended an appropriation of $4 million to establish the National Veterans Business Development Corporation. The SBA funded the four VBOCs operating in FY2001 from the salaries and expenses account.

h. In FY2000, P.L. 106-113 required a 0.38% across-the-board rescission for federal agencies in FY2000, resulting in a $0.002 million reduction from the VBOC program.

7(j) Technical Assistance Program

The SBA's 7(j) Technical Assistance Program provides "a wide variety of management and technical assistance to eligible individuals or concerns to meet their specific needs, including: (a) counseling and training in the areas of financing, management, accounting, bookkeeping, marketing, and operation of small business concerns; and (b) the identification and development of new business opportunities."40 Eligible individuals and businesses include "8(a) certified firms, small disadvantaged businesses, businesses operating in areas of high unemployment, or low income or firms owned by low income individuals."41

As shown in Table 13, the SBA's 7(j) Technical Assistance Program received a recommended appropriation of $3.5 million in FY2022.

Table 13. 7(j) Technical Assistance Program, FY2000-FY2022

(recommended appropriations and expenditures; $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Initial Recommended Appropriation

Modifications

Final Recommended Appropriation

Total Spent

2022

$3.500

‒‒

$3.500

NA

2021

$2.800

‒‒

$2.800

$2.800
anticipated

2020

$2.800

‒‒

$2.800

$3.964

2019

$2.800

‒‒

$2.800

$3.466

2018

$2.800

‒‒

$2.800

$3.085

2017

$2.800

‒‒

$2.800

$1.796

2016

$2.800

‒‒

$2.800

$1.407

2015

$2.800

‒‒

$2.800

$2.441

2014

$2.790

‒‒

$2.790

$2.723

2013

$3.100

($0.246)a

$2.854

$3.080

2012

$3.100

‒‒

$3.100

$4.768

2011

$3.400

($0.007)b

$3.393

$6.354

2010

$3.400

‒‒

$3.400

$3.275

2009

$2.380

‒‒

$2.380

$2.380

2008

$2.300

‒‒

$2.300

$2.300

2007

$1.500

‒‒

$1.500

$1.481

2006

$1.500

($0.015)c

$1.485

$1.481

2005

$1.500

($0.012)d

$1.488

$1.479

2004

$2.000

($0.012)e

$1.988

$1.963

2003

$1.500

($0.010)f

$1.490

$1.171

2002

$3.600

‒‒

$3.600

$3.189

2001

$3.600

($0.008)g

$3.592

$3.241

2000

$3.600

($0.014)h

$3.584

$3.950

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), Congressional Budget Justification [FY2002-FY2010]; SBA, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2011-FY2023], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; H.Rept. 106-479, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2000, and for other Purposes; H.Rept. 106-1005, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2001, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 107-278, Making Appropriations for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, The Judiciary, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2002, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-10, Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2003, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-401, Making Appropriations for Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2004, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-792, Making Appropriations for Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2005, and For Other Purposes; P.L. 109-148, the Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006; H.Rept. 109-272, Making Appropriations for Science, the Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2006, and For Other Purposes; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2008), committee print, 110th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2008 (Washington: GPO, 2008), p. 908; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2009), committee print, 111th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2010 (Washington: GPO, 2010), p. 996; H.Rept. 111-366, Departments of Transportation and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011; P.L. 112-25, the Budget Control Act of 2011; P.L. 112-74, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012, P.L. 112-175, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; P.L. 113-6, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-76, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 83," Congressional Record, vol. 160, no. 151-Book II (December 11, 2014), p. H9740; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding House Amendment No. 1 to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 2029 Consolidated Appropriations Act," Congressional Record, vol. 161, no. 184-Book II (December 17, 2015), p. H10139; P.L. 114-223, the Continuing Appropriations and Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2017; Rep. Rodney Frelinghuysen, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 244 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017]," Congressional Record, vol. 163, no. 76-Book II (May 3, 2017), p. H3786; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Frelinghuysen, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 1625 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018] (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2018)," p. 87; H.Rept. 116-9, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019, p. 680; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (Division C – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2020)," p. 38; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 133, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)," p. 51; and Rep. Rosa DeLauro, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. DeLauro, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 2471, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2022)," 117th Cong., 2nd sess., March 9, 2022, p. 53, at http://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20220307/BILLS-117RCP35-JES-DIVISION-E.pdf.

a. In FY2013, P.L. 112-25 and P.L. 113-6 imposed in a federal government-wide sequestration process and a required 0.2% across-the-board rescission, resulting in a $0.246 million reduction from the 7(j) program.

b. In FY2011, P.L. 112-10 imposed a 0.2% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.007 million reduction from the 7(j) program.

c. In FY2006, P.L. 109-148 imposed a 1.0% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.015 million reduction from the 7(j) program.

d. In FY2005, P.L. 108-447 imposed a 0.8% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.012 million reduction from the 7(j) program.

e. In FY2004, P.L. 108-199 imposed a 0.59% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.012 million reduction from the 7(j) program.

f. In FY2003, P.L. 108-7 imposed a rescission of 0.65% on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.010 million reduction from the 7(j) program.

g. In FY2001, P.L. 106-554 imposed a 0.22% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.008 million reduction from the 7(j) program.

h. In FY2000, P.L. 106-113 required a 0.38% across-the-board rescission for federal agencies in FY2000, resulting in a $0.014 million reduction from the 7(j) program.

Native American Outreach Program

The SBA's Native American Outreach (NAO) program provides management and technical educational assistance to American Indians, Alaska natives, native Hawaiians, and "the indigenous people of Guam and American Samoa … to promote entity-owned and individual 8(a) certification, government contracting, entrepreneurial education, and capital access."42 The program's management and technical assistance services are available to members of these groups living in most areas of the nation.43

As shown in Table 14, the NAO program received a recommended appropriation of $3 million in FY2022.

Table 14. Native American Outreach (NAO) Program, FY2003-FY2022

(recommended appropriations and expenditures; $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Initial Recommended Appropriation

Modifications

Final Recommended Appropriation

Total Spent

2022

$3.000

‒‒

$3.000

NA

2021

$2.000

‒‒

$2.000

$2.000
anticipated

2020

$2.000

‒‒

$2.000

$1.579

2019

$2.000

‒‒

$2.000

$2.179

2018

$2.000

‒‒

$2.000

$0.695

2017

$2.000

‒‒

$2.000

$1.541

2016

$2.000

‒‒

$2.000

$1.778

2015

$2.000

‒‒

$2.000

$1.924

2014

$2.000

‒‒

$2.000

$1.859

2013

$1.250

($0.318)a

$0.932

$0.915

2012

$1.250

‒‒

$1.250

$1.245

2011

$1.250

($0.003)b

$1.247

$1.132

2010

$1.250

‒‒

$1.250

$1.243

2009

$1.033

‒‒

$1.033

$1.027

2008

$1.000

‒‒

$1.000

$0.933

2007

$1.000

‒‒

$1.000

$0.884

2006

$1.000

($0.010)c

$0.990

$0.978

2005

$1.000

($0.008)d

$1.092

$0.902

2004

$2.000

($0.012)e

$1.988

$1.964

2003

$2.000

($0.013)f

$1.987

$1.778

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), Congressional Budget Justification [FY2002-FY2010]; SBA, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2011-FY2023], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; H.Rept. 106-479, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2000, and for other Purposes; H.Rept. 106-1005, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2001, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 107-278, Making Appropriations for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, The Judiciary, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2002, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-10, Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2003, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-401, Making Appropriations for Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2004, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-792, Making Appropriations for Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2005, and For Other Purposes; P.L. 109-148, the Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006; H.Rept. 109-272, Making Appropriations for Science, the Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2006, and For Other Purposes; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2008), committee print, 110th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2008 (Washington: GPO, 2008), p. 908; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2009), committee print, 111th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2010 (Washington: GPO, 2010), p. 996; H.Rept. 111-366, Departments of Transportation and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011; P.L. 112-25, the Budget Control Act of 2011; P.L. 112-74, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012, P.L. 112-175, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; P.L. 113-6, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-76, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 83," Congressional Record, vol. 160, no. 151-Book II (December 11, 2014), p. H9740; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding House Amendment No. 1 to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 2029 Consolidated Appropriations Act," Congressional Record, vol. 161, no. 184-Book II (December 17, 2015), p. H10139; P.L. 114-223, the Continuing Appropriations and Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2017; Rep. Rodney Frelinghuysen, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 244 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017]," Congressional Record, vol. 163, no. 76-Book II (May 3, 2017), p. H3786; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Frelinghuysen, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 1625 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018] (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2018)," p. 87; H.Rept. 116-9, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019, p. 680; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (Division C – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2020)," p. 38; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 133, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)," p. 52; and Rep. Rosa DeLauro, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. DeLauro, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 2471, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2022)," 117th Cong., 2nd sess., March 9, 2022, p. 53, at http://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20220307/BILLS-117RCP35-JES-DIVISION-E.pdf.

a. In FY2013, P.L. 112-25 and P.L. 113-6 imposed in a federal government-wide sequestration process and a required 0.2% across-the-board rescission, resulting in a $0.318 million reduction from the NAO program.

b. In FY2011, P.L. 112-10 imposed a 0.2% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.003 million reduction from the NAO program.

c. In FY2006, P.L. 109-148 imposed a 1.0% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.010 million reduction from the NAO program.

d. In FY2005, P.L. 108-447 imposed a 0.8% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.008 million reduction from the NAO program.

e. In FY2004, P.L. 108-199 imposed a 0.59% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.012 million reduction from the NAO program.

f. In FY2003, P.L. 108-7 imposed a rescission of 0.65% on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.013 million reduction from the NAO program.

National Women's Business Council

The National Women's Business Council (NWBC) is a bipartisan federal advisory council created to serve as an independent source of advice and counsel to the President, Congress, and the SBA on economic issues of importance to women business owners. The council's mission "is to promote bold initiatives, policies, and programs designed to support women's business enterprises at all stages of development in the public and private sector marketplaces—from start-up to success to significance."44

As shown in Table 15, the NWBC received a recommended appropriation of $1.5 million in FY2022.

Table 15. National Business Women's Council (NWBC), FY2000-FY2022

(recommended appropriations and expenditures; $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Initial Recommended Appropriation

Modifications

Final Recommended Appropriation

Total Spent

2022

$1.500

‒‒

$1.500

NA

2021

$1.500

‒‒

$1.500

$1.500
anticipated

2020

$1.500

‒‒

$1.500

$0.683

2019

$1.500

‒‒

$1.500

$0.819

2018

$1.500

‒‒

$1.500

$0.485

2017

$1.500

‒‒

$1.500

$1.337

2016

$1.500

‒‒

$1.500

$1.286

2015

$1.000

‒‒

$1.000

$0.958

2014

$1.000

‒‒

$1.000

$0.980

2013

$0.998

($0.080)a

$0.918

$0.736

2012

$0.998

‒‒

$0.998

$0.875

2011

$1.000

($0.002)b

$0.998

$0.954

2010

$1.000

‒‒

$1.000

$0.920

2009

$0.775

‒‒

$0.775

$0.751

2008

$0.743

‒‒

$0.743

$0.714

2007

$0.750

‒‒

$0.750

$0.712

2006

$0.750

($0.008)c

$0.742

$0.675

2005

$0.750

($0.006)d

$0.744

$0.550

2004

$0.750

($0.004)e

$0.746

$0.731

2003

$0.750

($0.005)f

$0.745

$0.699

2002

$0.750

‒‒

$0.750

$0.729

2001

$0.750

($0.002)g

$0.748

$0.714

2000

$0.600

($0.002)h

$0.598

$0.600

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), Congressional Budget Justification [FY2002-FY2010]; SBA, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2011-FY2023], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; H.Rept. 106-479, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2000, and for other Purposes; H.Rept. 106-1005, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2001, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 107-278, Making Appropriations for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, The Judiciary, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2002, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-10, Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2003, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-401, Making Appropriations for Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2004, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-792, Making Appropriations for Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2005, and For Other Purposes; P.L. 109-148, the Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006; H.Rept. 109-272, Making Appropriations for Science, the Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2006, and For Other Purposes; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2008), committee print, 110th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2008 (Washington: GPO, 2008), p. 908; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2009), committee print, 111th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2010 (Washington: GPO, 2010), p. 996; H.Rept. 111-366, Departments of Transportation and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011; P.L. 112-25, the Budget Control Act of 2011; P.L. 112-74, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012, P.L. 112-175, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; P.L. 113-6, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-76, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 83," Congressional Record, vol. 160, no. 151-Book II (December 11, 2014), p. H9740; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding House Amendment No. 1 to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 2029 Consolidated Appropriations Act," Congressional Record, vol. 161, no. 184-Book II (December 17, 2015), p. H10139; P.L. 114-223, the Continuing Appropriations and Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2017; Rep. Rodney Frelinghuysen, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 244 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017]," Congressional Record, vol. 163, no. 76-Book II (May 3, 2017), p. H3786; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Frelinghuysen, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 1625 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018] (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2018)," p. 87; H.Rept. 116-9, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019, p. 680; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (Division C – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2020)," p. 38; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 133, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)," p. 52; and Rep. Rosa DeLauro, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. DeLauro, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 2471, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2022)," 117th Cong., 2nd sess., March 9, 2022, p. 53, at http://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20220307/BILLS-117RCP35-JES-DIVISION-E.pdf.

a. In FY2013, P.L. 112-25 and P.L. 113-6 imposed in a federal government-wide sequestration process and a required 0.2% across-the-board rescission, resulting in a $0.080 million reduction from the NWBC.

b. In FY2011, P.L. 112-10 imposed a 0.2% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.002 million reduction from the NWBC.

c. In FY2006, P.L. 109-148 imposed a 1.0% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.008 million reduction from the NWBC.

d. In FY2005, P.L. 108-447 imposed a 0.8% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.006 million reduction from the NWBC.

e. In FY2004, P.L. 108-199 imposed a 0.59% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.004 million reduction from the NWBC.

f. In FY2003, P.L. 108-7 imposed a rescission of 0.65% on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.005 million reduction from the NWBC.

g. In FY2001, P.L. 106-554 imposed a 0.22% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.002 million reduction from the NWBC.

h. In FY2000, P.L. 106-113 required a 0.38% across-the-board rescission for federal agencies in FY2000, resulting in a $0.002 million reduction from the NWBC.

HUBZone Administration

The HUBZone program helps small businesses located in designated Historically Underutilized Business Zones (HUBZones) to compete for federal contracts. Federal agencies may award contracts directly to HUBZone-certified small businesses through a sole-source contract, limit contact competitions to HUBZone-certified firms through a contract set-aside, or provide HUBZone-certified firms a price evaluation preference in full and open competitions.45

The HUBZone program was initially funded through the SBA's salary and expenses account. As shown in Table 16, Congress started recommending an appropriation for the program in FY2004 (currently $3.0 million in FY2022).

Table 16. Historically Underutilized Business Zones (HUBZone) Program,
FY2000-FY2022

(recommended appropriations and expenditures; $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Initial Recommended Appropriation

Modifications

Final Recommended Appropriation

Total Spent

2022

$3.000

‒‒

$3.000

NA

2021

$3.000

‒‒

$3.000

$3.000
anticipated

2020

$3.000

‒‒

$3.000

$2.647

2019

$3.000

‒‒

$3.000

$2.455

2018

$3.000

‒‒

$3.000

$2.563

2017

$3.000

‒‒

$3.000

$2.792

2016

$3.000

‒‒

$3.000

$3.184

2015

$3.000

‒‒

$3.000

$2.561

2014

$2.250

‒‒

$2.250

$2.248

2013

$2.500

($0.524)a

$1.976

$1.952

2012

$2.500

‒‒

$2.500

$2.155

2011

$2.200

($0.004)b

$2.196

$2.194

2010

$2.200

‒‒

$2.200

$2.189

2009

$2.150

‒‒

$2.150

$2.150

2008

$2.100

‒‒

$2.100

$1.924

2007

$2.000

‒‒

$2.000

$1.931

2006

$2.000

($0.020)c

$1.980

$1.974

2005

$1.979

($0.016)d

$1.963

$1.892

2004

$2.000

($0.012)e

$1.988

$1.974

2003

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$1.807

2002

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$1.618

2001

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$1.791

2000

‒‒

‒‒

‒‒

$1.978

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), Congressional Budget Justification [FY2002-FY2010]; SBA, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2011-FY2023], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; H.Rept. 106-479, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2000, and for other Purposes; H.Rept. 106-1005, Making Appropriations for the Government of the District of Columbia and Other Activities Chargeable in Whole or in Part Against Revenues of Said District for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2001, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 107-278, Making Appropriations for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, The Judiciary, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2002, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-10, Making Further Continuing Appropriations for the Fiscal Year 2003, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-401, Making Appropriations for Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2004, and For Other Purposes; H.Rept. 108-792, Making Appropriations for Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2005, and For Other Purposes; P.L. 109-148, the Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006; H.Rept. 109-272, Making Appropriations for Science, the Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2006, and For Other Purposes; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2008), committee print, 110th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2008 (Washington: GPO, 2008), p. 908; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Appropriations, Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (Division D - Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2009), committee print, 111th Cong., 2nd sess., January 1, 2010 (Washington: GPO, 2010), p. 996; H.Rept. 111-366, Departments of Transportation and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011; P.L. 112-25, the Budget Control Act of 2011; P.L. 112-74, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012, P.L. 112-175, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; P.L. 113-6, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; P.L. 113-76, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 83," Congressional Record, vol. 160, no. 151-Book II (December 11, 2014), p. H9740; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding House Amendment No. 1 to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 2029 Consolidated Appropriations Act," Congressional Record, vol. 161, no. 184-Book II (December 17, 2015), p. H10139; P.L. 114-223, the Continuing Appropriations and Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2017; Rep. Rodney Frelinghuysen, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 244 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017]," Congressional Record, vol. 163, no. 76-Book II (May 3, 2017), p. H3786; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Frelinghuysen, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 1625 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018] (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2018)," p. 87; H.Rept. 116-9, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019, p. 680; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (Division C – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2020)," p. 38; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 133, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)," p. 52; and Rep. Rosa DeLauro, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. DeLauro, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 2471, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2022)," 117th Cong., 2nd sess., March 9, 2022, p. 53, at http://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20220307/BILLS-117RCP35-JES-DIVISION-E.pdf.

a. In FY2013, P.L. 112-25 and P.L. 113-6 imposed in a federal government-wide sequestration process and a required 0.2% across-the-board rescission, resulting in a $0.520 million reduction from the HUBZone program.

b. In FY2011, P.L. 112-10 imposed a 0.2% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.004 million reduction from the HUBZone program.

c. In FY2006, P.L. 109-148 imposed a 1.0% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.020 million reduction from the HUBZone program.

d. In FY2005, P.L. 108-447 imposed a 0.8% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.016 million reduction from the HUBZone program.

e. In FY2004, P.L. 108-199 imposed a 0.59% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.012 million reduction from the HUBZone program.

The Entrepreneurial Development Initiative (Regional Innovation Clusters)

The SBA reports that "regional innovation clusters are on-the-ground collaborations between business, research, education, financing and government institutions that work to develop and grow a particular industry or related set of industries in a particular geographic region."46 The SBA has supported regional innovative clusters since FY2009, and the initiative has received recommended appropriations from Congress since FY2010.

As shown in Table 17, the SBA's Entrepreneurial Development Initiative (Regional Innovation Clusters) received a recommended appropriation of $8.0 million in FY2022.

Table 17. Entrepreneurial Development Initiative (Regional Innovation Clusters), FY2010-FY2022

(recommended appropriations and expenditures; $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Initial Recommended Appropriation

Modifications

Final Recommended Appropriation

Total Spent

2022

$8.000

‒‒

$8.000

NA

2021

$6.000

‒‒

$6.000

$6.000
anticipated

2020

$5.000

‒‒

$5.000

$3.500

2019

$5.000

‒‒

$5.000

$5.473

2018

$5.000

‒‒

$5.000

$2.976

2017

$5.000

‒‒

$5.000

$3.259

2016

$6.000

‒‒

$6.000

$5.824

2015

$6.000

‒‒

$6.000

$5.936

2014

$5.000

‒‒

$5.000

$4.995

2013

$5.000

($1.311)a

$3.689

$3.590

2012

$5.000

‒‒

$5.000

$3.325

2011

$10.000

($0.020)b

$9.980

$6.581

2010

$10.000

‒‒

$10.000

$9.989

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2011-FY2023], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; H.Rept. 111-366, the Departments of Transportation and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 111-117, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011; P.L. 112-25, the Budget Control Act of 2011; H.Rept. 112-331, the Military Construction and Veterans Affairs and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2012 (Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012); P.L. 112-175, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; P.L. 113-6, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; SBA, "General Statement Regarding the Implications of Sequestration," provided to the author by the SBA, Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs, on May 5, 2013; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 3547, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014," Congressional Record, vol. 160, part No 9-Book II (January 15, 2014), p. H908; P.L. 113-76, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 83," Congressional Record, vol. 160, no. 151-Book II (December 11, 2014), p. H9740; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding House Amendment No. 1 to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 2029 Consolidated Appropriations Act," Congressional Record, vol. 161, no. 184-Book II (December 17, 2015), p. H10139; P.L. 114-223, the Continuing Appropriations and Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2017; Rep. Rodney Frelinghuysen, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 244 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017]," Congressional Record, vol. 163, no. 76-Book II (May 3, 2017), p. H3786; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Frelinghuysen, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 1625 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018] (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2018)," p. 87; H.Rept. 116-9, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019, p. 680; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (Division C – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2020)," p. 38; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 133, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)," p. 52; and Rep. Rosa DeLauro, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. DeLauro, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 2471, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2022)," 117th Cong., 2nd sess., March 9, 2022, p. 53, at http://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20220307/BILLS-117RCP35-JES-DIVISION-E.pdf.

a. In FY2013, P.L. 112-25 and P.L. 113-6 imposed in a federal government-wide sequestration process and a required 0.2% across-the-board rescission, resulting in a $1.311 million reduction from the Entrepreneurial Development Initiative (Clusters).

b. In FY2011, P.L. 112-10 imposed a 0.2% rescission on federal agencies, resulting in a $0.020 million reduction from the Entrepreneurial Development Initiative (Clusters).

Entrepreneurship Education Initiative

The SBA's Entrepreneurship Education initiative offers high‐growth small businesses in underserved communities "a seven‐month executive leader education series" consisting of "more than 100 hours of specialized training, technical resources, a professional networking system, and other resources to strengthen their business model and promote economic development within urban communities."47 At the conclusion of the training, "participants produce a three‐year strategic growth action plan with benchmarks and performance targets that help them access the necessary support and resources to move forward for the next stage of business growth."48

As shown in Table 18, the SBA's Entrepreneurship Education initiative received a recommended appropriation of $2.75 million in FY2022.

Table 18. Entrepreneurship Education Initiative, FY2014-FY2022

(recommended appropriations and expenditures; $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Initial Recommended Appropriation

Modifications

Final Recommended Appropriation

Total Spent

2022

$2.750

‒‒

$2.750

NA

2021

$2.500

‒‒

$2.500

$2.500
anticipated

2020

$2.500

‒‒

$2.500

$3.458

2019

$3.500

‒‒

$3.500

$5.863

2018

$6.000

‒‒

$6.000

$9.293

2017

$10.000

‒‒

$10.000

$2.442

2016

$10.000

‒‒

$10.000

$7.219

2015

$7.000

‒‒

$7.000

$6.711

2014

$5.000

‒‒

$5.000

$4.953

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2011-FY2023], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; H.Rept. 111-366, the Departments of Transportation and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 111-117, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011; P.L. 112-25, the Budget Control Act of 2011; H.Rept. 112-331, the Military Construction and Veterans Affairs and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2012 (Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012); P.L. 112-175, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; P.L. 113-6, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; SBA, "General Statement Regarding the Implications of Sequestration," provided to the author by the SBA, Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs, on May 5, 2013; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 3547, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014," Congressional Record, vol. 160, part No 9-Book II (January 15, 2014), p. H908; P.L. 113-76, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 83," Congressional Record, vol. 160, no. 151-Book II (December 11, 2014), p. H9740; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding House Amendment No. 1 to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 2029 Consolidated Appropriations Act," Congressional Record, vol. 161, no. 184-Book II (December 17, 2015), p. H10139; P.L. 114-223, the Continuing Appropriations and Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2017; Rep. Rodney Frelinghuysen, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 244 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017]," Congressional Record, vol. 163, no. 76-Book II (May 3, 2017), p. H3786; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Frelinghuysen, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 1625 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018] (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2018)," p. 87; H.Rept. 116-9, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019, p. 680; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (Division C – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2020)," p. 38; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 133, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)," p. 52; and Rep. Rosa DeLauro, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. DeLauro, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 2471, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2022)," 117th Cong., 2nd sess., March 9, 2022, p. 53, at http://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20220307/BILLS-117RCP35-JES-DIVISION-E.pdf.

Growth Accelerator Initiative

The SBA describes growth accelerators as "organizations that help entrepreneurs start and scale their businesses."49 Growth accelerators are typically run by experienced entrepreneurs and help small businesses access seed capital and mentors. The SBA claims that growth accelerators "help accelerate a startup company's path toward success with targeted advice on revenue growth, employee growth, sourcing outside funding and avoiding pitfalls."50

The SBA's growth accelerator initiative began in FY2014 when Congress recommended in its appropriations report that the initiative be provided $2.5 million. As shown in Table 19, the growth accelerator initiative received a recommended appropriation of $3.0 million in FY2022.

The growth accelerator initiative provides $50,000 matching grants each year to universities and private sector accelerators "to support the development of accelerators and their support of startups in parts of the country where there are fewer conventional sources of access to capital (i.e., venture capital and other investors)."51

The SBA has awarded 387 $50,000 growth accelerator awards to date: 50 in 2014, 88 in 2015, 85 in 2016, 20 in 2017, 60 in 2019, and 84 in 2021, for a total of $19.35 million.52

The SBA did not issue a competitive announcement for growth accelerator awards in FY2018 and FY2020.

Table 19. Growth Accelerator Initiative, FY2014-FY2022

(recommended appropriations and expenditures; $ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Initial Recommended Appropriation

Modifications

Final Recommended Appropriation

Expenditures

2022

$3.000

‒‒

$3.000

NA

2021

$2.000

‒‒

$2.000

$2.000
anticipated

2020

$2.000

‒‒

$2.000

$0.400

2019

$2.000

‒‒

$2.000

$2.650

2018

$1.000

‒‒

$1.000

$1.000

2017

$1.000

‒‒

$1.000

$1.000

2016

$1.000

‒‒

$1.000

$3.500

2015

$4.000

‒‒

$4.000

$3.950

2014

$2.500

‒‒

$2.500

$2.500

Sources: U.S. Small Business Administration, Congressional Budget Justification [FY2011-FY2023], at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; H.Rept. 111-366, the Departments of Transportation and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 111-117, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010; P.L. 112-10, the Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011; P.L. 112-25, the Budget Control Act of 2011; H.Rept. 112-331, the Military Construction and Veterans Affairs and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2012 (Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012); P.L. 112-175, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013; P.L. 113-6, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013; SBA, "General Statement Regarding the Implications of Sequestration," provided to the author by the SBA, Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs, on May 5, 2013; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 3547, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014," Congressional Record, vol. 160, part No 9-Book II (January 15, 2014), p. H908; P.L. 113-76, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 83," Congressional Record, vol. 160, no. 151-Book II (December 11, 2014), p. H9740; Rep. Harold Rogers, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Rogers of Kentucky, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding House Amendment No. 1 to the Senate Amendment on H.R. 2029 Consolidated Appropriations Act," Congressional Record, vol. 161, no. 184-Book II (December 17, 2015), p. H10139; P.L. 114-223, the Continuing Appropriations and Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2017; Rep. Rodney Frelinghuysen, "Explanatory Statement Submitted By Mr. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 244 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017]," Congressional Record, vol. 163, no. 76-Book II (May 3, 2017), p. H3786; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mr. Frelinghuysen, Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the House Amendment to the Senate Amendments on H.R. 1625 [the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018] (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2018)," p. 87; H.Rept. 116-9, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019, p. 680; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (Division C – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2020)," p. 38; "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. Lowey, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 133, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2021)," p. 52; and Rep. Rosa DeLauro, "Explanatory Statement Submitted by Mrs. DeLauro, Chairwoman of the House Committee on Appropriations Regarding H.R. 2471, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division E – Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2022)," 117th Cong., 2nd sess., March 9, 2022, p. 53, at http://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20220307/BILLS-117RCP35-JES-DIVISION-E.pdf.

Appendix. SBA Appropriations, FY1954-FY1999

Table A-1. Small Business Administration Appropriations, FY1980-FY1999

($ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Disaster Assistance

Business Loan Capital Appropriation

Other Programs

Total

FY1999

$293.3

$224.2

$302.5

$820.0

FY1998

$173.2

$181.2

$361.7

$716.1

FY1997

$326.9

$183.7

$341.8

$852.4

FY1996

$331.0

$160.7

$322.5

$814.2

FY1995

$130.2

$271.0

$390.8

$792.0

FY1994

$18.6

$223.4

$408.7

$650.7

FY1993

$401.7

$370.0

$436.4

$1,208.1

FY1992

$705.0

$348.3

$598.8

$1,652.1

FY1991

($129.3)

$157.0

$436.2

$463.9

FY1990

$342.3

$159.5

$426.5

$928.3

FY1989

$0.0

$168.6

$251.6

$420.2

FY1988

$0.0

$165.7

$262.6

$428.3

FY1987

$0.0

$378.2

$225.5

$603.7

FY1986

$0.0

$505.0

$209.4

$714.4

FY1985

$0.0

$511.6

$742.1

$1,253.7

FY1984

$0.0

$363.4

$234.5

$597.9

FY1983

$0.0

$742.7

$274.6

$1,017.3

FY1982

$0.0

$326.0

$243.9

$569.9

FY1981

$325.0

$609.0

$265.9

$1,199.9

FY1980

$1,237.0

$565.0

$194.1

$1,996.1

Sources: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies, "Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations for [various years]," hearings [various years]; U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Budget of the United States Government, FY1986; Appendix: Small Business Administration, pp. I-XI – IX9; and OMB, Budget of the United States Government, FY1987; Appendix: Small Business Administration, pp. I-XI – IX10.

Notes: In FY1985, an additional $524.96 million was appropriated to the Federal Financing Bank. In FY1995, there was a $6 million rescission, which was subtracted from the other programs column.

Table A-2. Small Business Administration Appropriations, FY1954-FY1979

($ in millions)

Fiscal Year

Disaster Assistance

Capital Appropriation/ First Revolving Fund

Other Programs

Total

FY1979

$1,235.0

$520.5

$239.0

$1,994.5

FY1978

$2,640.8

$605.0

$230.0

$3,475.8

FY1977

$291.3

$601.6

$90.5

$983.4

FY1976

$100.0

$278.8

$29.4

$418.2

FY1975

$91.8

$307.5

$28.5

$445.8

FY1974

$1.6

$226.0

$23.0

$250.6

FY1973

$1,857.2

$397.0

$22.6

$2,276.8

FY1972

$172.4

$278.1

$22.8

$473.3

FY1971

$366.0

$267.4

$20.0

$653.4

FY1970

$180.0

$3.3

$17.5

$200.8

FY1969

$3.8

$6.0

$11.4

$21.2

FY1968

$2.0

$154.0

$9.9

$165.9

FY1967

$128.3

$722.6

$8.1

$859.0

FY1966

comingled

$310.0

$7.2

$317.2

FY1965

comingled

$145.0

$7.5

$152.5

FY1964

comingled

$90.0

$8.5

$98.5

FY1963

comingled

$300.0

$5.9

$305.9

FY1962

comingled

$220.0

$7.1

$227.1

FY1961

comingled

$50.0

$5.9

$55.9

FY1960

comingled

$150.0

$4.9

$154.9

FY1959

comingled

$200.0

$31.3

$231.3

FY1958

$8.0

$112.0

$2.3

$122.3

FY1957

$12.0

$83.0

$1.9

$96.9

FY1956

$35.0

$10.0

$2.1

$47.1

FY1955

$10.0

$15.0

$2.4

$27.4

FY1954

$5.0

$50.0

$2.7

$57.5

Sources: OMB, Budget of the United States Government [various years]; and Appropriations Acts [various years]: P.L. 83-207, P.L. 84-219, P.L. 84-533, P.L. 84-604, P.L.85-19, P.L. 85-170, P.L. 85-457, P.L. 85-766, P.L. 86-88, P.L. 86-451, P.L. 87-125, P.L. 87-332, P.L. 87-843, P.L. 88-245, and P.L. 89-164.

Notes: The SBA had a single revolving loan fund for both disaster and business loans until 1966 (P.L. 89-409). For FY1954 through FY1958, budgetary documents indicated the amount provided to the revolving loan fund, which was designated for disaster assistance, and the amount designated for business loans. For FY1959 through FY1966, budgetary documents no long provided this level of specificity. In FY1959, $27.5 million was provided for management and training grants, which were awarded through FY1960. The SBA reported that most of the increase in funding for other programs in FY1970 was due to an increase in funding for the SBA's minority management and technical assistance grant program. Most of the increase in funding for other programs in FY1977 was due to the provision of $36 million for the surety bond guarantee program and $15 million for the pollution control equipment guarantee revolving fund.

Footnotes

1.

Program costs and expenditures typically differ from new budget authority provided by appropriations due to the carryover of budget authority either from the previous fiscal year or into the next fiscal year or to program transfers.
2.

Business loan credit subsidies represent the net present value of cash flows to and from the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) over the life of the agency's loan portfolios. For guaranteed loans, it is primarily (1) the difference between the cost of purchasing loans that have defaulted and revenue generated from fees and collateral liquidation; and (2) the cost of Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loan forgiveness and SBA debt relief payments in the 7(a) loan guarantee and 504/CDC loan guarantee programs, which were authorized by the CARES Act. For direct (Microloan) lending, it is primarily (1) the cost of offering below-market interest rates to Microloan intermediaries; and (2) the cost of SBA debt relief payments in the Microloan program, which were authorized by the CARES Act.

The Office of Financial Analysis and Modeling is responsible for ensuring that the computation of subsidy rates for the SBA's credit programs are in compliance with the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (FCRA). As indicated on the office's website,

The FCRA requires all credit agencies, including the SBA, to budget and account for the cost of credit programs by determining the net present value of cash flows to and from the Government over the life of the portfolio and expressing the net amount as a credit subsidy rate. The process to develop a subsidy rate is lengthy and complex, requiring unique data collection techniques and analysis efforts. SBA develops its subsidy rates by creating models that incorporate data on loan maturity, borrowers' interest rates, fees, grace periods, interest subsidies, delinquencies, purchases or defaults, recoveries, prepayments, advances and borrower characteristics.

See SBA, Office of Financial Analysis and Modeling, "Summary of Responsibilities," at https://www.sba.gov/about-sba/sba-locations/headquarters-offices/office-performance-management-chief-financial-officer/office-performance-planning-chief-financial-officer-resources#section-header-10.
3.

For example, in FY2021, the SBA was provided $28.6 billion for the Restaurant Revitalization Grant Program and $16.25 billion for the Shuttered Venue Operators Grant Program. See P.L. 116-260, the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits, and Venues Act (Division N, Title III of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, §323 and §324) and P.L. 117-2, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, §5003 and §5005.
4.

P.L. 116-260, the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits, and Venues Act (Division N, Title III of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021) rescinded $146.5 billion in unobligated balances from the SBA's business loan account for business loan credit, reducing the availability of SBA supplemental appropriations for business loan credit subsidies in FY2021 from $466.5 billion (including carryover and transfers from FY2020) to $300 billion (including carryover and transfers from FY2020).

5.

The SBA's FY2021 appropriation of $733.7 million for other programs (excluding supplemental appropriations) is $489.3 million in constant FY2000 dollars (adjusted for inflation), which is higher than the SBA's FY2000 appropriation of $459.5 million for other programs. Congressional Research Service (CRS) calculation using inflation data from U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB), "Budget of the United States Government, FY2021: Historical Tables, Table 10.1 ‒ Gross Domestic Product and Deflators Used in the Historical Tables: 1940–2025," at https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/hist10z1_fy21.xlsx.
6.

For further information and analysis of the CARES Act and succeeding small business relief acts, see CRS Report R46284, COVID-19 Relief Assistance to Small Businesses: Issues and Policy Options, by Robert Jay Dilger and Bruce R. Lindsay.
7.

U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Small Business, "Committee Approves $50 Billion in Small Business Aid for COVID Relief Package," February 10, 2021, at https://smallbusiness.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=3559.
8.

See P.L. 117-70, the Further Extending Government Funding Act.
9.

P.L. 117-43, §128, provides that amounts made available by Section 101 for "Small Business Administration—Business Loans Program Account" may be apportioned up to the rate for operations necessary to accommodate increased demand for commitments for general business loans authorized under paragraphs (1) through (35) of Section 7(a) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. §636(a)), for guarantees of trust certificates authorized by Section 5(g) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. §634(g)), for commitments to guarantee loans under Section 503 of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958 (15 U.S.C. §697), and for commitments to guarantee loans for debentures under Section 303(b) of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958 (15 U.S.C. §683(b)).
10.

The SBA's business loan administration account provides funding for administrative expenses to carry out the SBA's direct (Microloan) and guarantied business loan programs (e.g., the 7(a) and 504/Certified Development Company programs).
11.

For further information and analysis concerning the SBA's Office of Inspector General (OIG), see CRS Report R44589, SBA's Office of Inspector General: Overview, Impact, and Relationship with Congress, by Robert Jay Dilger and Ben Wilhelm.
12.

SBA, OIG, "Strategic Plan Fiscal Years 2012-2017," p. 3, at http://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/oig/SBA-OIG%202012-2017%20Strategic%20Plan%20.pdf (hereinafter SBA, OIG, "Strategic Plan Fiscal Years 2012-2017").
13.

SBA, OIG, "Strategic Plan Fiscal Years 2012-2017," p. 3.
14.

For further information and analysis concerning the Office of Advocacy, see CRS Report R43625, SBA Office of Advocacy: Overview, History, and Current Issues, by Robert Jay Dilger.
15.

SBA, "Office of Advocacy: About Us," at https://www.sba.gov/about-sba.
16.

P.L. 93-386, the Small Business Amendments of 1974.
17.

SBA, Office of Advocacy, FY2013 Congressional Budget Justification, p. 2, at http://www.sba.gov/about-sba-info/46741.
18.

For further information and analysis concerning the SBA's entrepreneurial development noncredit programs, see CRS Report R41352, Small Business Management and Technical Assistance Training Programs, by Robert Jay Dilger, R. Corinne Blackford, and Adam G. Levin.
19.

P.L. 111-240, the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010, authorized the Step Trade and Export Promotion (STEP) Pilot Grant program for three years and appropriated $30 million for the program both in FY2011 and FY2012. The SBA awarded STEP grants to states with the goal of assisting eligible small businesses with exporting in FY2011 and FY2012. The STEP program's authorization expired at the end of FY2013. STEP was subsequently appropriated $8 million FY2014, $17.4 million in FY2015, $18 million in FY2016-FY2019, $19 million in FY2020, $19.5 million in FY2021, and $20.0 million in FY2022. For additional information and analysis, see CRS Report R43155, Small Business Administration Trade and Export Promotion Programs, by Sean Lowry.
20.

P.L. 116-260, the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, authorized the Cybersecurity for Small Business Pilot Program that will competitively award up to three grants to states to assist small businesses with access to cybersecurity tools. The explanatory statement accompanying the act recommended that the program receive $3 million in FY2021; and the explanatory statement accompanying P.L. 117-103, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, recommended that the program receive $3 million in FY2022.
21.

The Federal and State Technology (FAST) Partnership Program provides grants to states and state-endorsed nonprofit organizations to provide outreach, financial support, and technical assistance to technology-based small businesses participating in or interested in participating in the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs. FAST was initially authorized by P.L. 106-554, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2001. The program expired on September 30, 2005, and was reauthorized by P.L. 111-117, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010. The explanatory statement accompanying P.L. 116-260, the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, recommended that FAST receive $4 million in FY2021; and the explanatory statement accompanying P.L. 117-103, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, recommended that FAST receive $6 million in FY2022. Previously, FAST's funding was provided through the SBA's salaries and expenses account.
22.

SBA, FY2022 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2020 Annual Performance Report, p. 22.
23.

In recent years, SBDCs and their advocates have indicated an interest in receiving additional funding to implement several of the Obama Administration's management and training initiatives in lieu of (or in combination with) those initiatives receiving their own, separate appropriations.
24.

For additional information about the Community Navigator grant program, see CRS Insight IN11893, SBA's Community Navigator Pilot Program, by R. Corinne Blackford; and SBA, "Community Navigator Pilot Program," at https://www.sba.gov/partners/counselors/community-navigator-pilot-program.
25.

For a list of the 51 organizations that received a community navigator award, see SBA, "Community Navigator pilot program grantees," at https://www.sba.gov/document/support-community-navigator-pilot-program-grantees.

26.

For further analysis of the SBA's Microloan program, see CRS Report R41057, Small Business Administration Microloan Program, by Robert Jay Dilger and Anthony A. Cilluffo.
27.

SBA, FY2023 Congressional Budget Justification FY2021 Annual Performance Report, p. 36, at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report. For a list of all Microloan intermediaries, regardless of lending volume, see SBA, Microloan Program: Partner Identification & Management System Participating Intermediary Microlenders Report, June 21, 2017, at https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/articles/microlenderrpt5_20170621.pdf.
28.

U.S. Congress, House Committee on Small Business, Review of Women's Business Center Program, 106th Cong., February 11, 1999, Serial No. 106-2 (Washington: GPO, 1999), p. 4.
29.

SBA, "SBA Administrator Announces Five New Women's Business Centers To be Operated by Minority Serving Institutions," May 23, 2022, at https://www.sba.gov/article/2022/may/23/sba-administrator-announces-five-new-womens-business-centers-be-operated-minority-serving; and SBA, "Women's Business Centers Directory," at https://www.sba.gov/local-assistance/find/?type=Women%27s%20Business%20Center&pageNumber=1.
30.

U.S. Congress, Senate Select Committee on Small Business and House Select Committee on Small Business, 1966 Federal Handbook for Small Business: A Survey of Small Business Programs in the Federal Government Agencies, committee print, 89th Cong., 3rd sess., January 31, 1966 (Washington: GPO, 1966), p. 5; U.S. Congress, House Committee on Small Business, Subcommittee on Rural Development, Entrepreneurship, and Trade, Subcommittee Hearing on Legislative Initiatives to Modernize SBA's Entrepreneurial Development Programs, 111th Cong., 1st sess., April 2, 2009 (Washington: GPO, 2009), p. 6; and SBA, FY2013 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2011 Annual Performance Report, p. 45, at http://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/files/FY%202013%20CBJ%20FY%202011%20APR.pdf.
31.

SCORE (Service Corps of Retired Executives), "About SCORE," at https://www.score.org/about-score.
32.

P.L. 106-102, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, Section 173. Establishment of Program and Section 175. Qualified Organizations.
33.

SBA, FY2018 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2016 Annual Performance Report, p. 12, at https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/aboutsbaarticle/FINAL_SBA_FY_2018_CBJ_May_22_2017c.pdf; SBA, FY2019 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2017 Annual Performance Report, p. 13, at https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/aboutsbaarticle/SBA_FY_2019_CBJ_APR_2_12_post.pdf; SBA, FY2020 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2018 Annual Performance Report, pp. 11, 39, at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report; and SBA, FY2021 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2019 Annual Performance Report, pp. 11, 37, at https://www.sba.gov/document/report-congressional-budget-justification-annual-performance-report.
34.

SBA, FY2022 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2020 Annual Performance Report, p. 13.
35.

Syracuse University, "About the EBV," Syracuse, NY, at http://whitman.syr.edu/ebv/about/; and SBA, "SBA Expands Entrepreneurship Boot Camp for Vets: Announces Two New Programs for Women Vets, Guard, Reservists and Families," November 10, 2010, at https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/news_release_10-63.pdf.
36.

Syracuse University, "Women Veterans Igniting the Spirit of Entrepreneurship (V-WISE)," Syracuse, NY, at http://whitman.syr.edu/vwise/about.aspx; and SBA, "SBA Expands Entrepreneurship Boot Camp for Vets: Announces Two New Programs for Women Vets, Guard, Reservists and Families," November 10, 2010, at https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/news_release_10-63.pdf.
37.

Syracuse University, "About Operation Endure and Grow," Syracuse, NY, at http://vets.syr.edu/education/endure-grow/.
38.

SBA, "Operation Boots to Business: From Service to Startup," at https://www.sba.gov/offices/headquarters/ovbd/resources/160511; and SBA, "Operation Boots to Business: Fact Sheet," at https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/files/B2B_Fact%20Sheet.pdf.
39.

SBA, "Veterans Business Outreach Centers," at https://www.sba.gov/local-assistance/find/?type=Veterans%20Business%20Outreach%20Center&pageNumber=1. VBOC grants, starting at $180,000, "are made for up to a three-year period of performance, consisting of a base period of 12 months from the date of award and up to two renewal option periods of 12 months each. Exercise of the option periods will be solely at SBA's discretion and is subject to continuing program authority, the availability of funds, and the recipient's continued satisfactory performance and compliance." Also, "funding per VBOC will vary based on proposed Boots to Business (B2B) program delivery and associated outreach." See SBA, Office of Veterans Business Development, "FY 2015 Program Announcement No. VBOC-2015-02," pp. 6-7, at https://www.sba.gov/offices/headquarters/ovbd/spotlight. In FY2013, the Veterans Business Outreach Centers Program conducted its ninth annual "Customer Satisfaction Survey." The FY2013 survey found that 91% of the clients using the centers were satisfied or highly satisfied with the quality, relevance, and timeliness of the assistance provided. See SBA, FY2015 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2013 Annual Performance Report, p. 81, at https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/files/FY%202015%20CBJ%20FY%202013%20APR%20FINAL%20508(1).pdf.
40.

13 C.F.R. §124.702.
41.

SBA, FY2017 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2015 Annual Performance Report, p. 50, at https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/FY17-CBJ_FY15-APR.pdf.
42.

SBA, FY2011 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2009 Annual Performance Report, p. 65, at http://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/Congressional_Budget_Justification.pdf (hereinafter SBA, FY2011 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2009 Annual Performance Report).
43.

SBA, FY2011 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2009 Annual Performance Report, p 65.
44.

The National Women's Business Council, "About the Council," Washington, DC, at https://www.nwbc.gov/about/.
45.

For additional information and analysis concerning the HUBZone program, see CRS Report R41268, Small Business Administration HUBZone Program, by Robert Jay Dilger and R. Corinne Blackford.
46.

SBA, FY2014 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2012 Annual Performance Report, p. 60, at http://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/files/1-FY%202014%20CBJ%20FY%202012%20APR.PDF.
47.

SBA, FY2014 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2012 Annual Performance Report, p. 71, at http://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/files/1-FY%202014%20CBJ%20FY%202012%20APR.PDF (hereinafter SBA, FY2014 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2012 Annual Performance Report).
48.

SBA, FY2014 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2012 Annual Performance Report, p. 71.
49.

SBA, FY2014 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2012 Annual Performance Report, p. 59.
50.

SBA, FY2014 Congressional Budget Justification and FY2012 Annual Performance Report, p. 59. See also Jonathan Porat, "Exploring the Policy Relevance of Startup Accelerators," SBA, Office of Advocacy, Issue Brief No. 4, November 17, 2014, at https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/advocacy/Issue%20Brief%204%20Accelerators%20FINAL.pdf.
51.

SBA, "SBA Growth Accelerator Fund Competition: The 2017 Growth Accelerator Fund Competition," at https://www.sba.gov/node/1428931/leadership/; and SBA, "SBA Announces $3 Million for 60 Growth Accelerator Fund Competition Recipients Supporting Startups and STEM Focused Entrepreneurs," September 26, 2019, at https://www.sba.gov/about-sba/sba-newsroom/press-releases-media-advisories/sba-announces-3-million-60-growth-accelerator-fund-competition-recipients-supporting-startups-and.
52.

SBA, SBIR STTR America's Seed Fund, "Accelerators: 2021 Growth Accelerator Fund Competition and SBIR Catalyst Competition Results," at https://www.sbir.gov/accelerators; and SBA, Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs, "Correspondence with the author," June 25, 2021.