Introduction

This report focuses on FY2023 discretionary appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. Issues for Congress included determining the amount of funding for agencies and programs in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill—often called the Interior bill—and the terms and conditions of such funding.

This report focuses on the regular (annual) appropriations for the Interior bill. It first presents a short overview of FY2023 legislative action. It next provides an overview of the agencies and other entities funded in the Interior bill. The report then describes the FY2023 appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies requested by President Biden, passed by the House, contained in a bill introduced in the Senate, and enacted into law. Subsequently, it briefly compares FY2022 enacted and FY2023 regular appropriations.¹ Finally, the report provides a table showing each agency's regular appropriations enacted for FY2022, requested by the President for FY2023, passed by the House for FY2023, contained in a bill introduced in the Senate for FY2023, and enacted into law for FY2023. Agency and bill totals in this report generally reflect rescissions.

Appropriations are complex. Budget justifications for some agencies are large (often hundreds of pages long) and contain numerous funding, programmatic, and legislative changes for congressional consideration. Further, appropriations laws provide funds for numerous accounts, activities, and sub-activities, and their accompanying explanatory statements provide additional directives and other important information. This report does not provide in-depth information at the agency, account, and subaccount levels, nor does it generally detail budgetary reorganizations or legislative changes proposed or enacted for FY2023. For information on a particular agency or on individual accounts, programs, or activities administered by a particular agency, see the Congressional Research Service (CRS) products provided in footnotes throughout this report or contact the key policy staff listed at the end of this report.³ In addition, selected reports related to appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, such as individual agencies (e.g., National Park Service) or crosscutting programs (e.g., Wildland Fire Management), are listed under "Interior & Environment Appropriations" on the "Appropriations" Issue Area page on the CRS website.⁴

Overview of FY2023 Legislative Action

For FY2023, President Biden requested $48.78 billion for the roughly three dozen agencies and entities funded in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill. This total included $2.55 billion for certain wildfire suppression activities under an adjustment to discretionary spending limits for FY2023. Under law, an adjustment can be made to discretionary spending limits to accommodate enacted funding for wildfire suppression.⁵ The total of $48.78 billion reflects $8.91 billion in mandatory appropriations that the President requested for the Indian Health Service; the President did not seek discretionary appropriations for this agency.

On July 20, 2022, the House passed H.R. 8294, with $47.39 billion in appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies in Division E. (Hereinafter, this bill typically is referred to as the House-passed bill). This total included $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the discretionary cap adjustment, as requested by the President, and $8.12 billion in discretionary appropriations for the Indian Health Service, although the President sought mandatory appropriations for this agency. On July 1, 2022, the House Appropriations Committee had reported H.R. 8262 (accompanied by H.Rept. 117-400), with the same overall totals as included in the House-passed bill.

On July 28, 2022, the chair of the Senate Committee on Appropriations released draft Interior bill text and a draft accompanying explanatory statement for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for FY2023. On the same day, S. 4686 was introduced, reflecting the draft bill text. (Hereinafter, this bill typically is referred to as the Senate-introduced bill.) The bill contained a total of $44.83 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for FY2023, including $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment and discretionary appropriations of $7.38 billion for the Indian Health Service. Additionally, the Senate-introduced bill contained $5.58 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, with the funding becoming available for obligation in FY2024, and $2.28 billion in FY2023 emergency appropriations for disaster recovery and emergency response of several agencies.

On December 29, 2022, the President signed into law a measure containing $41.47 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for FY2023. These appropriations were contained in Division G, Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2023, of P.L. 117-328, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023. This total includes $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the discretionary cap adjustment. The law contained an additional $5.13 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service for FY2024 not reflected in the $41.47 billion figure.⁶

As FY2023 appropriations had not been enacted at the start of the fiscal year on October 1, 2022, Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies received appropriations under a continuing resolution (CR) for the period from October 1 until P.L. 117-328 was enacted.⁷ The CR generally provided funds for agencies and activities at FY2022 levels (as contained in P.L. 117-103, Division G). However, the CR provided specific provisions for FY2023 funding for certain agencies and activities in the Interior bill—namely, Indian Health Service programs, DOI's Working Capital Fund, and the National Park Service's National Heritage Areas program.

Overview of Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies

The annual Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill includes funding and other provisions for agencies and programs in three federal departments and for numerous related agencies. The Interior bill typically contains three primary appropriations titles and a fourth title with general provisions.⁸ Title I provides funding for most agencies in the Department of the Interior (DOI),⁹ many of which manage land and other natural resource or regulatory programs. Title I also typically includes general provisions related to DOI agencies. Title II contains appropriations and administrative provisions for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Title III, Related Agencies, generally funds about two dozen other entities, including the Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture; the Indian Health Service in the Department of Health and Human Services; arts and cultural agencies, including the Smithsonian Institution; and various other organizations and entities. Title III also contains administrative provisions for some agencies funded therein. Title IV, General Provisions, typically contains additional guidance and direction for agencies in the bill. The following sections briefly describe selected major agencies in the Interior bill.

Title I. Department of the Interior¹⁰

DOI's mission is to conserve and manage the nation's natural resources and cultural heritage; provide scientific and other information about those resources; and exercise trust responsibilities and other commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated island communities.¹¹ There are nine major DOI agencies and two other broad accounts funded in the Interior bill that carry out this mission. Hereinafter, these 11 entities are referred to collectively as the DOI agencies. The DOI agencies and their functions funded in the Interior bill include the following:

• The Bureau of Land Management administers about 244 million acres of federal public land, mostly in the West, for diverse uses such as energy and mineral development, livestock grazing, recreation, and preservation. The agency also administers roughly 710 million acres of federal onshore subsurface mineral estate throughout the nation and supervises the mineral operations on about 59 million acres of Indian trust lands.¹²
• The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service administers 89 million acres of federal land within the National Wildlife Refuge System and other areas,¹³ including 77 million acres in Alaska. It also manages several large marine refuges and marine national monuments, sometimes jointly with other federal agencies. In addition, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, together with the National Marine Fisheries Service (Department of Commerce), is responsible for implementing the Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. §§1531 et seq.); promoting wildlife habitat; enforcing federal wildlife laws; supporting wildlife and ecosystem science; conserving migratory birds; administering grants to aid state fish and wildlife programs; and coordinating with state, international, and other federal agencies on fish and wildlife issues.¹⁴
• The National Park Service administers 81 million acres of federal land within the National Park System, including 424 separate units in the 50 states, District of Columbia, and U.S. territories. Roughly two-thirds of the system's lands are in Alaska. The National Park Service has a dual mission—to preserve unique resources and to provide for their enjoyment by the public. The agency also supports and promotes some resource conservation activities outside the National Park System through grant and technical assistance programs and cooperation with partners.¹⁵
• The U.S. Geological Survey is a science agency that provides physical and biological information related to geological resources; natural hazards; climate and land use change; and energy, mineral, water, and biological sciences and resources. In addition, it is the federal government's principal civilian mapping agency (e.g., topographical and geological mapping) and a primary source of data on the quantity and quality of the nation's water resources (e.g., streamgaging).¹⁶
• The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management manages development of the nation's offshore conventional and renewable energy resources in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Alaska region. These resources are in areas covering approximately 2.5 billion acres located beyond state waters. This acreage is off all coastal states, although much of it (more than 1 billion acres) is in the Alaska region.¹⁷
• The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement provides regulatory and safety oversight for resource development on the outer continental shelf. Among the bureau's responsibilities are oil and gas permitting, facility inspections, environmental compliance, and oil spill response planning.¹⁸
• The Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement works with states and tribes to reclaim abandoned coal mining sites. The agency also regulates active coal mining sites to minimize environmental impacts during mining and to reclaim affected lands and waters after mining.¹⁹
• The Bureau of Indian Education funds and provides education to Indian tribes and Alaska Natives. The agency funds an elementary and secondary school system, institutions of higher education, and other educational programs.²⁰
• The Bureau of Indian Affairs provides and funds various services to American Indians and Alaska Natives. The agency is responsible for programs that include government operations, courts, law enforcement, fire protection, social programs, roads, economic development, employment assistance, housing repair, irrigation, dams, Indian rights protection, implementation of land and water settlements, and management of trust assets (real estate and natural resources).²¹
• Departmental Offices covers diverse offices and programs. In the FY2023 appropriations law, it covered the Office of the Secretary of the Interior, Insular Affairs, the Office of the Solicitor, and the Office of Inspector General.²²
• Department-Wide Programs covers varied programs and entities. In the FY2023 appropriations law, it covered DOI Wildland Fire Management,²³ the Central Hazardous Materials Fund, the Energy Community Revitalization Program, the Natural Resource Damage Assessment Fund, the Working Capital Fund, and the Office of Natural Resources Revenue.²⁴

Title II. Environmental Protection Agency

EPA administers various environmental statutes that have an express or general objective to protect human health and the environment.²⁵ Primary responsibilities include the implementation of federal statutes regulating air quality, water quality, drinking water safety, pesticides, toxic substances, management and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes, and cleanup of environmental contamination. EPA awards grants to assist states and local governments in implementing federal law and complying with federal requirements to control pollution. The agency also administers programs that provide financial assistance for public wastewater and drinking water infrastructure projects.²⁶

Title III. Related Agencies

In FY2023, Title III of the Interior bill funded about two dozen agencies, organizations, and other entities collectively referred to as the related agencies. Among the related agencies funded in the Interior bill, roughly 95% of the funding typically is provided to the following:

• The Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture manages 193 million acres of federal land within the National Forest System—consisting of national forests, national grasslands, and other areas—in 43 states, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. It also provides technical and financial assistance to states, tribes, and private forest landowners and conducts research on sustaining forest resources for future generations.²⁷
• The Indian Health Service in the Department of Health and Human Services provides medical and environmental health services for approximately 2.7 million American Indians and Alaska Natives. Health care is provided through a system of more than 600 hospitals, clinics, and health stations on or near Indian reservations. The agency, tribes and tribal organizations, and urban Indian organizations operate these facilities and programs.²⁸
• The Smithsonian Institution is a museum and research complex consisting of 21 museums, the National Zoological Park (National Zoo), and several research facilities throughout the United States and around the world.²⁹ Established by federal legislation in 1846 with the acceptance of a trust donation by the institution's namesake benefactor, the Smithsonian is funded by both federal appropriations and a private trust.³⁰
• The National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities make up the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities. The National Endowment for the Arts is a major federal source of support for all arts disciplines. Since 1965, it has awarded more than 145,000 grants, which have been distributed to all states. The National Endowment for the Humanities generally supports grants for humanities education, research, preservation, and public humanities programs; creation of regional humanities centers; and development of humanities programs under the jurisdiction of state humanities councils. Since 1965, it has awarded more than 64,000 grants. It also supports a Challenge Grant program to stimulate and match private donations in support of humanities institutions.³¹

FY2023 Appropriations

Appropriations for agencies vary widely for reasons relating to the number, breadth, and complexity of agency responsibilities; alternative sources of funding (e.g., mandatory appropriations); and Administration and congressional priorities, among other factors. The total in each of the FY2023 requested, House-passed, Senate-introduced, and enacted appropriations is broken out unevenly across the three major funding titles in the Interior bill and among agencies and entities within each title, as is typically the case.

Although FY2023 appropriations in the President's request, House-passed bill, Senate-introduced bill, and enacted appropriation cover about three dozen agencies, funding for a small subset of these agencies accounts for most of the total. For example, the sum of appropriations for three agencies—EPA, Forest Service, and Indian Health Service—accounts for about three-fifths of each total. Nearly three-quarters of each total is for these three agencies and two others—National Park Service and Bureau of Indian Affairs.

Components of President Biden's Request

For FY2023, President Biden requested $48.78 billion for the approximately three dozen agencies and entities funded in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill. This total included $37.32 billion in regular appropriations and $2.55 billion for certain wildfire suppression activities under an adjustment to discretionary spending limits for FY2023. The wildfire suppression amount comprised $2.21 billion for the Forest Service and $340.0 million for DOI. Budget authority designated for the specified suppression activities would cause the spending limits to be adjusted, effectively making the budget authority not subject to the limits, as noted.

The total of $48.78 billion also reflects $8.91 billion in mandatory appropriations for the Indian Health Service.³² The President did not request discretionary appropriations for this agency but instead proposed reclassifying Indian Health Service accounts as mandatory funding. The President asserted that "mandatory funding provides a long-term solution for adequate, stable, and predictable funding for the Indian health system."³³ He expressed that mandatory funding would ensure "the disproportionate impacts experienced by tribal communities during the COVID-19 pandemic are never repeated."³⁴

For the 11 DOI agencies in Title I of the Interior bill, the President's request was $16.86 billion, or 35% of the total. For EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, the request was $11.88 billion, or 24% of the total. For about two dozen agencies and other entities in Title III of the bill, the President requested $20.05 billion, or about 41% of the total. This Title III total reflects mandatory appropriations for the Indian Health Service.

Components of H.R. 8294, Division E, as Passed the House

The Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2022 (H.R. 8294, Division E), as passed by the House on July 20, 2022, contained $47.39 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. This total included $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment, consisting of $2.21 billion for the Forest Service and $340.0 million for DOI.

The House-passed bill included discretionary appropriations of $8.12 billion for the Indian Health Service, though the President sought mandatory appropriations for this agency. In its earlier report on H.R. 8262, the House Committee on Appropriations set out its opposition to the request for mandatory appropriations. The committee expressed that the Indian Health Service "did not provide implementation language and at the time of writing this report, the authorizing committees have not enacted the President's proposal. Because the authorizing committees have not acted, the Committee is providing discretionary funds for IHS for fiscal year 2023 to ensure health care for Native Americans is not negatively impacted."³⁵

For the 11 DOI agencies in Title I of the bill, the House-passed bill contained $16.68 billion, or 35% of the total. EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, would receive $11.49 billion, or 24% of the total. The House-passed bill would fund about two dozen agencies and other entities through Title III, with $19.22 billion, or 41% of the bill total.

Components of S. 4686, as Introduced in the Senate

S. 4686, as introduced in the Senate on July 28, 2022, contained $44.83 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. As in the President's request and the House-passed bill, the total in the Senate-introduced bill included $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment, divided between the Forest Service ($2.21 billion) and DOI ($340.0 million).

The Senate-introduced bill included discretionary appropriations of $7.38 billion for the Indian Health Service. The Senate committee majority draft explanatory statement indicated that although the President had sought mandatory funding, it contained discretionary funding because "at this time no such change has been enacted into law."³⁶

Of the $44.83 billion in the bill, DOI agencies in Title I would receive $16.04 billion, or 36% of the total. EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, would receive $10.64 billion, or 24% of the total. The bill would fund about two dozen agencies and other entities through Title III, with $18.15 billion, or 40% of the total.

In addition to the $44.83 billion, S. 4686, as introduced, contained $2.28 billion in FY2023 emergency appropriations for disaster recovery and emergency response of the Forest Service (wildland fire management) and the following DOI agencies and programs: Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, Bureau of Indian Education, and DOI wildland fire management. These funds were contained in a new Title V of the bill.

The bill also contained $5.58 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, with the funding becoming available for obligation in FY2024. The Senate committee majority draft explanatory statement included the following explanation for these funds:

The Committee recognizes that budget uncertainty due to temporary lapses of appropriations and continuing resolutions have an effect on the orderly operations of critical healthcare programs for Native American communities. Existing challenges related to recruitment and retention of healthcare providers, administrative burden and costs, and financial effects on Tribes were identified areas of concern in a Government Accountability Office [GAO] study (GAO–18–652). This budgetary change will enable IHS to continue to provide health services without interruption or uncertainty, improving the quality of care and providing peace of mind for patients and medical providers.³⁷

Components of FY2023 Enacted Appropriation

The FY2023 appropriations law (P.L. 117-328, Division G), enacted on December 29, 2022, contained a total of $41.47 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. This total included $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment, consisting of $2.21 billion for the Forest Service and $340 million for DOI. In addition to the $41.47 billion, the law included $5.13 billion in advance appropriations (for FY2024) for the Indian Health Service.

Of the $41.47 billion total, DOI agencies in Title I received $15.10 billion, or 36.4% of the total. EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, received $10.14 billion, or 24.4% of the total. For about two dozen agencies and other entities funded in Title III, the law contained $16.23 billion, or 39.1% of the total.

The FY2023 law contained nearly three-quarters of total funding for five agencies, similar to the President's request, the House-passed bill, and the Senate-introduced bill. Specifically, the appropriations in the FY2023 law for EPA, Forest Service, Indian Health Service, National Park Service, and Bureau of Indian Affairs totaled $30.05 billion, or 72.5% of the total.

For the 11 DOI agencies, the FY2023 law provided funding ranging from $172.0 million for the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement to $3.48 billion for the National Park Service. The appropriations for 7 of the 11 agencies exceeded $1 billion. For the Related Agencies in Title III, the amounts ranged from $0.6 million (for the Alyce Spotted Bear and Walter Soboleff Commission on Native Children) to $7.07 billion (for the Forest Service).³⁸ The FY2023 appropriations law contained more than $1 billion for two entities in Title III in addition to the Forest Service. They are the Indian Health Service, with $6.93 billion, and the Smithsonian Institution, with $1.14 billion. The next-largest funding levels in Title III were $209.2 million for the National Gallery of Art and $207.0 million for each of the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Other Title III agencies received lower funding amounts, including less than $10 million for each of nine agencies.

Comparison of FY2023 and FY2022 Regular Appropriations

The FY2023 enacted appropriation of $41.47 billion was $950.0 million higher than the FY2022 enacted appropriation. It included higher total funding for DOI agencies and EPA but lower funding for Related Agencies.

The FY2023 enacted appropriation was $7.32 billion less than the total requested by the President ($48.78 billion), $5.93 billion less than passed by the House ($47.39 billion), and $3.37 billion less than included in the Senate-introduced bill ($44.83 billion). The FY2023 enacted appropriation also contained less funding for each of the major titles of the bill than had been requested by the President, approved by the House, and included in the Senate-introduced bill. It is unclear whether and to what extent the FY2023 enacted appropriation was affected by the earlier enactment of laws providing monies that could be used in FY2023. Such earlier laws included P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), which included advance appropriations for FY2023, and P.L. 117-169, often referred to as the Inflation Reduction Act, which provided mandatory appropriations for FY2022 that were available for multiple fiscal years.

The FY2023 enacted appropriation contained $2.55 billion for wildfire suppression under the discretionary cap adjustment. This was the maximum available under law for FY2023,³⁹ and the same as the amount requested by the President, passed by the House, and introduced in the Senate for FY2023. The enacted appropriation contained $2.21 billion for the Forest Service and $340.0 million for DOI. The same amounts were contained in the President's request, House-passed bill, and Senate-introduced bill. The FY2022 enacted appropriation was $2.45 billion—the maximum under law for that year—including $2.12 billion for the Forest Service and $330.0 million for DOI.

The FY2023 appropriations law contained advanced appropriations (for FY2024) for the Indian Health Service, totaling $5.13 billion. Similarly, the Senate-introduced bill for FY2023 contained advance appropriations ($5.58 billion) for the Indian Health Service. Neither the President's request for FY2023 nor the House-passed bill for FY2023 contained advance appropriations for this agency. Further, the FY2022 regular appropriations law did not include advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service.⁴⁰

In addition to the regular FY2023 appropriation in Division G, P.L. 117-328 included $6.15 billion in emergency supplemental appropriations for disaster relief in Division N. The FY2023 Senate-introduced bill contained FY2023 emergency appropriations of $2.28 billion for disaster recovery and emergency response for a subset of the agencies and programs that received disaster funding in P.L. 117-328.⁴¹ For FY2023, neither the President's request nor the House-passed bill included funding for disaster relief. The FY2022 regular appropriations law (P.L. 117-103) also did not include funding for disaster relief, though an earlier law (P.L. 117-43) had provided supplemental appropriations for FY2022 for disaster relief.

Figure 1 depicts FY2022 enacted appropriations and FY2023 appropriations in President Biden's request, the House-passed bill, the Senate-introduced bill, and the FY2023 enacted appropriations law. It shows the appropriations contained in each of the three main appropriations titles of the Interior bill—Title I (DOI), Title II (EPA), and Title III (Related Agencies). For FY2022 enacted appropriations, it depicts the regular annual appropriations in P.L. 117-103, Division G. For the President's FY2023 request, it depicts amounts shown in tables prepared by the Appropriations Committees. For FY2023 House-passed appropriations, it depicts amounts contained in H.R. 8294, Division E. For FY2023 Senate-introduced appropriations, it depicts amounts contained in S. 4686. For FY2023 enacted appropriations, it depicts the regular annual appropriations in P.L. 117-328, Division G. Similarly, Table 1, at the end of this report, lists the appropriations for each agency that were enacted for FY2022 in P.L. 117-103, Division G; requested by President Biden for FY2023; passed by the House in H.R. 8294, Division E, for FY2023; contained in S. 4686, as introduced, for FY2023; and enacted for FY2023 in P.L. 117-328, Division G.

Figure 1. Appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, by Major Title, FY2022-FY2023

Source: Prepared by CRS with data from the House and Senate Appropriations Committees. Notes: In general, amounts reflected in the figure represent regular annual appropriations for the pertinent fiscal year (FY2022 or FY2023), and exclude supplemental, mandatory, and advance appropriations including those referenced below. The FY2022 enacted total excludes mandatory appropriations in P.L. 117-169, often called the Inflation Reduction Act. (The total amount of funding for agencies within the Interior bill is not readily available.) It also excludes $1.78 billion in FY2022 emergency supplemental appropriations for multiple agencies for disaster relief, contained in Division B, the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022, of P.L. 117-43, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act. The FY2023 enacted total excludes $5.13 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, which would become available for obligation in FY2024. It also excludes $6.15 billion in emergency supplemental appropriations for disasters contained in Division N, the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023, of P.L. 117-328, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023. The FY2022 and FY2023 enacted totals exclude money in Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), enacted on November 15, 2021. The law contained a total of $95.71 billion for multiple agencies, composed of the following amounts: $33.56 billion in FY2022 emergency appropriations for multiple agencies, $6.11 billion in advance appropriations for EPA, and $56.04 billion in emergency advance appropriations for multiple agencies. Advance appropriations would become available for obligation in future fiscal years rather than in FY2022. For FY2023, the President did not request discretionary appropriations for the Indian Health Service. Instead, the President requested $8.91 billion in mandatory appropriations for the agency, and these appropriations are reflected in the figure. House-passed appropriations for FY2023 were contained in H.R. 8294, Division E. Senate-introduced appropriations were contained in S. 4686. The Senate-introduced total shown in the figure excludes $5.58 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, which would become available for obligation in FY2024. It also excludes $2.28 billion in FY2023 emergency appropriations provided in Title V of the bill, for disaster recovery and response of several agencies.