This report describes actions to provide FY2024 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) accounts. This report also provides information on FY2023 supplemental appropriations and advanced appropriations for CJS. (Enacted funding for CJS for the past 10 fiscal years can be found in Table A-1.) The dollar amounts in this report reflect only new appropriations made available for a fiscal year. Therefore, the amounts do not include any rescissions of unobligated or deobligated balances that may be counted as offsets to newly enacted appropriations, nor do they include any scorekeeping adjustments (e.g., the budgetary effects of provisions limiting the availability of the balance in the Crime Victims Fund). In this report, percentage changes are calculated using whole, not rounded, numbers, meaning that in some instances there may be small differences between the actual percentage change and the percentage change that would be calculated by using the rounded amounts discussed in the report. In some instances, amounts in this report differ from amounts for the same account in previous editions of this report because past reports did not reflect supplemental budget requests or because there were differences in how legislative proposals are scored by the Office of Management and Budget and the Congressional Budget Office.

Overview of CJS

The annual CJS appropriations act provides funding for the Department of Commerce, the Department of Justice (DOJ), select science agencies, and several related agencies. Appropriations for the Department of Commerce include funding for bureaus and offices such as the Census Bureau, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Appropriations for DOJ provide funding for agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation; the Bureau of Prisons; the U.S. Marshals; the Drug Enforcement Administration; and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, along with funding for a variety of public safety-related grant programs for state, local, and tribal governments. The vast majority of funding for the science agencies goes to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation.¹ The annual appropriation for the related agencies includes funding for agencies such as the Legal Services Corporation and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Department of Commerce

The mission of the Department of Commerce is to "create the conditions for economic growth and opportunity."² The department "works to drive U.S. economic competitiveness, strengthen domestic industry, and spur the growth of quality jobs in all communities across the country."³ It has wide-ranging responsibilities including trade, economic development, technology, entrepreneurship and business development, monitoring the environment, forecasting weather, managing marine resources, and statistical research and analysis. The department pursues and implements policies that affect trade and economic development by working to open new markets for U.S. goods and services and promoting pro-growth business policies. It also invests in research and development to foster innovation.

The agencies within the Department of Commerce, and their responsibilities, include the following:

• Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) is a federal statistical agency that promotes a better understanding of the U.S. economy by providing timely, relevant, and accurate economic accounts data in an objective and cost-effective manner;
• Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) works to ensure an effective export control and treaty compliance system and promote continued U.S. leadership in strategic technologies by maintaining and strengthening adaptable, efficient, and effective export controls and treaty compliance systems, along with active leadership and involvement in international export control regimes;
• Census Bureau is a federal statistical agency that collects data and disseminates information about the U.S. economy, society, and institutions, which fosters economic growth, advances scientific understanding, and facilitates informed decisions;
• Economic Development Administration (EDA) promotes innovation and competitiveness, preparing American regions for growth and success in the worldwide economy;
• International Trade Administration (ITA) seeks to strengthen the international competitiveness of U.S. industry, promote trade and investment, and ensure fair trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements;
• Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) promotes the growth and competitiveness of minority owned businesses through the mobilization and advancement of public and private sector programs, policy, and research;
• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve quality of life;
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides daily weather forecasts, severe storm warnings, climate monitoring, fisheries management, coastal restoration, and support of marine commerce;
• National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) advises the President on communications and information policy; and
• United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) fosters innovation, competitiveness, and economic growth domestically and abroad by providing high-quality and timely examination of patent and trademark applications, guiding domestic and international intellectual property (IP) policy, and delivering IP information and education worldwide.

Department of Justice

DOJ's mission is to "uphold the rule of law, to keep our country safe, and to protect civil rights."⁴ DOJ also provides legal advice and opinions, upon request, to the President and executive branch department heads.

The major DOJ offices and agencies and their functions are as follows:

• Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) enforces federal law related to the manufacture, importation, and distribution of alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives;
• Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) aims to advance the practice of community policing by the nation's state, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies through information and grant resources;
• Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) investigates federal drug law violations; coordinates its efforts with other federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies; develops and maintains drug intelligence systems; regulates the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of legitimate controlled substances; and conducts joint intelligence-gathering activities with foreign governments;
• Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) investigates violations of federal criminal law; helps protect the United States against terrorism and hostile intelligence efforts; provides assistance to other federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies; and shares jurisdiction with the Drug Enforcement Administration for the investigation of federal drug violations;
• Federal Prison System (Bureau of Prisons; BOP) houses offenders sentenced to a term of incarceration for a federal crime and provides for the operation and maintenance of the federal prison system;
• Office of the United States Attorneys (USAO) prosecutes violations of federal criminal laws, represents the federal government in civil actions, and initiates proceedings for the collection of fines, penalties, and forfeitures owed to the United States;
• Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) provides federal leadership in developing the nation's capacity to reduce violence against women and administer justice for and strengthen services to victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking;
• Office of Justice Programs (OJP) manages and coordinates the activities of the Bureau of Justice Assistance; Bureau of Justice Statistics; National Institute of Justice; Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking; and Office for Victims of Crime; and
• United States Marshals Service (USMS) provides security for the federal judiciary, protects witnesses, executes warrants and court orders, manages seized assets, detains and transports alleged and convicted offenders, and apprehends fugitives.

Science Offices and Agencies

The science offices and agencies support research and development and related activities across a wide variety of federal missions, including national competitiveness, space exploration, and fundamental discovery.

Office of Science and Technology Policy

The primary function of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) is to provide the President and others within the Executive Office of the President with advice on the scientific, engineering, and technological aspects of issues that require the attention of the federal government.⁵ The OSTP director also manages the National Science and Technology Council,⁶ which coordinates science and technology policy across the executive branch of the federal government, and co-chairs the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology,⁷ a council of external advisors that provides advice to the President on matters related to science and technology policy.

The National Space Council

The National Space Council, in the Executive Office of the President, is a coordinating body for U.S. space policy. Chaired by the Vice President, it consists of the Secretaries of State, Defense, Commerce, Transportation, and Homeland Security; the Administrator of NASA; and other senior officials. The council was first established in 1988 through P.L. 100-685.⁸ The council ceased operations in 1993, and was reestablished by the Trump Administration in June 2017.⁹

National Science Foundation

The National Science Foundation (NSF) supports basic research and education in the nonmedical sciences and engineering. The foundation was established as an independent federal agency "to promote the progress of science; to advance the national health, prosperity, and welfare; to secure the national defense; and for other purposes."¹⁰ The NSF is a primary source of federal support for U.S. university-based research in the nonmedical sciences and engineering. It is also responsible for significant shares of the federal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education program portfolio and federal STEM student aid and support.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was created to conduct civilian space and aeronautics activities.¹¹ It has five mission directorates. The Space Operations Mission Directorate and the Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate are responsible for human spaceflight activities, including the International Space Station and development efforts for future crewed spacecraft. The Science Mission Directorate manages robotic science missions, such as the Hubble Space Telescope, the Mars rover Curiosity, and satellites for Earth science research. The Space Technology Mission Directorate develops new technologies for use in future space missions, such as advanced propulsion and laser communications. The Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate conducts research and development on aircraft and aviation systems. In addition, NASA's Office of STEM Engagement (formerly the Office of Education) manages education programs for schoolchildren, college and university students, and the general public.

Related Agencies

The annual CJS appropriations act includes funding for several related agencies:

• Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee because of the person's race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, gender identity, and sexual orientation), national origin, age (40 or older), disability, or genetic information;
• International Trade Commission investigates the effects of dumped and subsidized imports on domestic industries and conducts global safeguard investigations, adjudicates cases involving imports that allegedly infringe intellectual property rights, and serves as a resource for trade data and other trade policy-related information;
• Legal Services Corporation (LSC) is a federally funded nonprofit corporation that provides financial support for civil legal aid to low-income Americans;
• Marine Mammal Commission works for the conservation of marine mammals by providing science-based oversight of domestic and international policies and actions of federal agencies with a mandate to address human effects on marine mammals and their ecosystems;
• Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) is responsible for developing and coordinating U.S. international trade, commodity, and direct investment policy, and overseeing negotiations with other countries;
• State Justice Institute is a federally funded nonprofit corporation that awards grants to improve the quality of justice in state courts and foster innovative, efficient solutions to common issues faced by all courts; and
• U.S. Commission on Civil Rights informs the development of national civil rights policy and enhances enforcement of federal civil rights laws.

FY2024 Budget Request

For FY2024, the Administration requested a total of $93.829 billion for the departments and agencies funded through CJS. This amount is $9.131 billion (+10.8%) more than regular FY2023 enacted funding for CJS ($84.698 billion). The Administration's request included the following:

• $12.361 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $1.304 billion (+11.8%) more than the FY2023 regular appropriation;
• $41.404 billion for DOJ, which is $2.868 billion (+7.4%) more than the FY2023 regular appropriation;
• $38.550 billion for the science agencies, which is $4.684 billion (+13.8%) more than the FY2023 regular appropriation; and
• $1.515 billion for the related agencies, which is $275 million (+22.2%) more than the FY2023 regular appropriation.

The Administration requested funding for many CJS accounts at a level above the FY2023 regular appropriation (see Table 1). Some proposed increases included the following:

• NSF's Research and Related Activities account (+$1.997 billion, +28.4%);
• DOJ's Executive Office of Immigration Review (+$595 million, +69.5%);
• NOAA's Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction account (+$486 million, +29.4%);
• NASA's Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration account (+$406 million, a more than eight-fold increase);
• DOJ's Juvenile Justice Programs account (+$360 million, +90.0%);
• Economic Development Assistance Programs (+$275 million, +63.8%);
• LSC (+$240 million, +42.9%);
• ATF's Salaries and Expenses account (+$203 million, +12.2%);
• NASA's Space Technology account (+$192 million, +16.0%);
• NIST's Industrial Technology Services account (+$163 million, +76.8%);
• DOJ's Research, Evaluation, and Statistics account (+$64 million, +83.1%); and
• NTIA (+$55 million, +89.2%).

There were also a few instances where the Administration proposed reducing funding for CJS accounts, including the following:

• FBI's Construction account (-$590 million, -90.5%);
• NIST's Construction of Research Facilities account (-$200 million, -43.3%);
• COPS account (-$12 million, -1.8%); and
• USMS's Federal Prisoner Detention account (-$4 million, -0.2%).

In addition, the Administration did not request any funding for the ATF's Construction account (-$75 million) and proposed reducing the obligation cap for the Crime Victims Fund (CVF) to $1.200 billion (-$700 million, -36.8%).

The Administration also proposed changing the name of DOJ's General Administration Salaries and Expenses account to the Justice Operations, Management, and Accountability account.

Senate Committee-Reported Bill

On July 13, 2023, the Senate Committee on Appropriations marked up and reported its FY2024 CJS appropriations bill (S. 2321). The bill would have provided a total of $84.850 billion for CJS, which is $152 million (+0.2%) more than the FY2023 regular appropriation and $8.979 billion (-9.6%) less than the Administration's request. The bill included the following:

• $11.143 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $87 million (+0.8%) more than the FY2023 regular appropriation and $1.217 billion (-9.8%) less than the Administration's request;
• $37.957 billion for DOJ, which is $579 million (-1.5%) less than the FY2023 regular appropriation and $3.447 billion (-8.3%) less than the Administration's request;
• $34.510 billion for the science agencies, which is $645 million (+1.9%) more than the FY2023 regular appropriation and $4.040 billion (-10.5%) less than the Administration's request; and
• $1.240 billion for the related agencies, which is equal to the FY2023 regular appropriation and $275 million (-18.1%) less than the Administration's request.

Of the $84.850 billion in the Senate committee-reported bill, $2.250 billion (2.7%) was designated as emergency funding. Accounts with emergency funding, and the amount of such funding in those accounts, was as follows:

• NSF, Research and Related Activities, $420 million;
• DEA, Salaries and Expenses, $320 million;
• NASA, Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration, $296 million;
• NASA, Deep Space Exploration Systems, $280 million;
• NOAA, Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction, $180 million;
• BOP, Buildings and Facilities, $179 million;
• USMS, Federal Prisoner Detention, $150 million;
• FBI, Salaries and Expenses, $100 million;
• DOJ, State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance, $100 million;
• ATF, Salaries and Expenses, $71 million;
• USMS, Salaries and Expenses, $64 million;
• NIST, Construction of Research Facilities, $50 million;
• EDA, Economic Development Assistance Programs, $25 million; and
• NOAA, Operations, Research, and Facilities, $15 million.

The Senate Committee on Appropriations proposed an increase in funding for the Commerce Department for FY2024 relative to FY2023 regular funding. The committee-reported bill would have increased funding for NOAA (+$305 million, +4.9%), ITA (+$12 million, +2.0%), and the Census Bureau (+$16 million, +1.1%). The committee recommended reduced funding for NIST (-$179 million, -11.0%), which was the result of a proposed 53.6% reduction (-$248 million) in the Construction of Research Facilities account, and EDA (-$32 million, -6.4%), which was the result of a proposed 7.9% reduction (-$34 million) in the Economic Development Assistance Programs account. The committee-reported bill would have funded most accounts in the Commerce Department at a level equal to or below the Administration's request. The one exception was NIST's Scientific and Technical Research and Services account, which would have been funded at $26 million (+2.6%) more than the Administration's request.

The Senate committee-reported bill would have provided less funding for DOJ relative to FY2023 regular appropriations. The bill would have decreased funding for the FBI (-$443 million, -3.9%), which was the result of a proposed $592 million (-90.8%) reduction in the FBI's Construction account; for the ATF (-$58 million, -3.3%), which was the result of proposing no funding for the ATF's Construction account; and USMS (-$11 million, -0.3%). The legislation would have increased funding for the BOP (+$185 million, +2.2%), the U.S. Attorneys (+$38 million, +1.4%), and DEA (+$26 million, +1.0%). The committee-reported bill would have also increased funding for OVW (+$32 million, +4.6%) and Juvenile Justice Programs (+$15 million, +3.8%) and decreased funding for State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance (-$216 million, -8.9%) and COPS (-$128 million, -18.9%). Like the Department of Commerce, the committee-reported bill would have funded nearly all DOJ accounts at or below the Administration's request, with the exception of BOP's Buildings and Facilities account (+$29 million, +16.3%). The committee-reported bill would have set the obligation cap on the CVF at the Administration's requested level.

The Senate committee-reported bill would have decreased funding for NASA relative to FY2023 regular appropriations. The committee recommended reductions for the Science (-$454 million, -5.8%); Space Technology (-$82 million, -6.8%); Space Operations (-$50 million, -1.2%); and Safety, Security, and Mission Services (-$29 million, -0.9%) accounts. The legislation would have provided a seven-fold increase in funding for the Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration (+$332 million) account and a 3.6% increase (+$267 million) for the Exploration account. Proposed funding for all NASA accounts in the committee-reported bill was below the Administration's request.

The Senate Committee on Appropriations recommended increased funding for NSF for FY2024, which was the result of proposed increased funding for the Research and Related Activities (+$587 million, +8.4%) and STEM Education (+$74 million, +6.4%). The committee recommended funding all other NSF accounts at the FY2023 level. The committee's proposed funding for all of NSF's accounts was below the Administration's request.

The Senate committee-reported bill proposed funding for all of the related agencies equal to FY2023 enacted appropriations. With the exception of the State Justice Institute, proposed funding for the related agencies was below the Administration's request.

House Committee Print

On July 14, 2023, the House CJS Appropriations Subcommittee marked up and reported its FY2024 CJS appropriations bill. The House Appropriations Committee did not hold a mark-up for the bill reported by the CJS Appropriations Subcommittee. Chairman Rogers introduced the subcommittee's bill as H.R. 5893. A committee print considered by the House Rules Committee contained modifications of the text of H.R. 5893. The figures contained in this report reflect the amounts included in the committee print.¹²

The committee print would have provided a total of $82.278 billion for CJS, which is $2.420 billion (-2.9%) less than the FY2023 regular appropriation and $11.551 billion (-12.3%) less than the Administration's request. The committee print included the following:

• $9.620 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $1.437 billion (-13.0%) less than the FY2023 regular appropriation and $2.741 billion (-22.2%) less than the Administration's request;
• $36.528 billion for DOJ, which is $2.023 billion (-5.2%) less than the FY2023 regular appropriation and $4.875 billion (-11.8%) less than the Administration's request;
• $35.004 billion for the science agencies, which is $1.138 billion (+3.4%) more than the FY2023 regular appropriation and $3.546 billion (-9.2%) less than the Administration's request; and
• $1.126 billion for the related agencies, which is $114 million (-9.2%) less than the FY2023 regular appropriation and $389 million (-25.7%) less than the Administration's request.

The committee print would have funded many Commerce accounts below the FY2023 regular appropriation. However, the committee print included increased funding for NIST's Scientific and Technical Research and Services (+$67 million, +7.0%) and Industrial Technology Services (+$25 million, +11.8%) accounts. The committee print would have also funded BIS and NOAA's Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction account at a level equal to the FY2023 regular appropriation. Proposed funding in the committee print for most Commerce accounts was below the Administration's request, with the exception of NIST's Scientific and Technical Research and Services (+$25 million, +2.5%) account.

The committee print would have funded most DOJ accounts below the FY2023 regular appropriation, though the committee print would have increased funding for DEA (+$198 million, +7.7%), BOP's Building and Facilities (+$165 million, +152.8%), BOP's Salaries and Expenses (+$100 million, +1.2%), State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance (+$71 million, +2.9%), USMS's Salaries and Expenses (+$11 million, +0.6%), COPS (+$8 million, +1.2%), and Interagency Law Enforcement (+$5 million, +0.9%) accounts. The committee print would have funded most DOJ accounts at a level below the Administration's request. However, the committee print included funding for the DEA (+$100 million, +3.8%), BOP's Building and Facilities (+$93 million, +16.3%), State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance (+$50 million, +2.0%), COPS (+$20 million, +3.0%), and Interagency Law Enforcement (+$5 million, +0.9%) accounts that was above the requested level. The committee print would not have funded the Community Relations Service and it would have eliminated the Research, Evaluation, and Statistics and Juvenile Justice Programs accounts. The committee print would have funded programs that have traditionally been funded in the Research, Evaluation, and Statistics and Juvenile Justice Programs accounts through the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account, which partially explained the proposed increase in funding for this account relative to the FY2023 regular appropriation and the Administration's request. The committee print would have set the obligation cap on the CVF at the Administration's requested level.

The committee print included an increase in funding for NASA (+$350 million, +1.4%) relative to the FY2023 regular appropriation. The committee print would have increased funding for all of NASA's accounts relative to the FY2023 regular appropriation, with the exception Science (-$415 million, -5.3%), STEM Engagement (-$55 million, -38.0%), and Office of the Inspector General (no change) accounts. However, the committee print would have funded all of NASA's accounts, with the exception of the Deep Space Exploration Systems account, below the Administration's request.

The committee print would have provided $9.630 billion for NSF, which is $791 million (+9.0%) more than the FY2023 regular appropriation. The committee print would have increased funding for all of NSF's accounts other than STEM Education (-$148 million, -12.8%) and the National Science Board (-$0.5 million, -9.6%). The committee print would have funded all of NSF's accounts below the Administration's request, with the exception of the Office of the Inspector General, which would have been funded at a level equal to the Administration's request.

The committee print would have funded all of the related agencies at a level below the FY2023 regular appropriation, with the exception of the International Trade Commission and the Trade Enforcement Trust Fund, which would have been funded at the FY2023 level. The amounts for the related agencies in the committee print were below the Administration's request, with the exception of the Trade Enforcement Trust Fund, which would have been funded at the Administration's requested level.

In addition to proposed rescissions of unobligated balances made available in past fiscal years to CJS agencies, the committee print included a proposed $22.025 billion rescission of funds made available to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for enforcement actions and taxpayer support services under Section 10301 of P.L. 117-169, commonly known as the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.

FY2024 Enacted Appropriations

On March 9, 2024, President Biden signed into law the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 (P.L. 118-42), which included the FY2024 CJS Appropriations Act (Division C). The act provides a total of $83.530 billion for CJS, which is $1.168 billion (-1.4%) less than the FY2023 regular appropriation and $10.299 billion (-11.0%) less than the Administration's request. The act includes the following:

• $10.827 billion for the Department of Commerce, which is $229 million (-2.1%) less than the FY2023 regular appropriation and $1.533 billion (-12.4%) less than the Administration's request;
• $37.520 billion for DOJ, which is $1.016 billion (-2.6%) less than the FY2023 regular appropriation and $3.884 billion (-9.4%) less than the Administration's request;
• $33.945 billion for the science agencies, which is $79 million (+0.2%) more than the FY2023 regular appropriation and $4.605 billion (-11.9%) less than the Administration's request; and
• $1.237 billion for the related agencies, which is $2 million (-0.2%) less than the FY2023 regular appropriation and $277 million (-18.3%) less than the Administration's request.

Of the $83.530 billion provided for CJS for FY2024, $2.000 billion (2.4%) was designated as emergency funding. Accounts with emergency funding, and the amount of such funding in those accounts, was as follows:

• NASA, Exploration, $450 million;
• DEA, $328 million;
• NASA, Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration, $250 million;
• USMS, Federal Prisoner Detention, $250 million;
• NSF, Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction, $234 million;
• USMS, Salaries and Expenses, $163 million;
• DOJ, State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance, $125 million;
• NOAA, Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction, $100 million;
• ITA, $50 million;
• BIS, Operations and Administration, $20 million; and
• EDA, Economic Development Assistance Programs, $30 million.

The FY2024 CJS Appropriations Act generally funds most of Commerce's accounts at a level equal to or below the FY2023 regular appropriation. There were a few instances where funding for FY2024 increased relative to FY2023 funding: NIST's Scientific and Technical Research and Services account (+$127 million, +13.3%); NOAA's Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction account (+$66 million, +4.0%); and NOAA's Operations, Research, and Facilities account (+$47 million, +1.1%). Nearly all of Commerce's accounts were funded at or below the Administration's request, with the sole exception being NIST's Scientific and Technical Research and Services account (+85 million, +8.5%).

Like Commerce, FY2024 funding for most of DOJ's accounts was equal to or below the FY2023 regular appropriation. The FY2024 CJS Appropriations Act did increase funding for BOP's Buildings and Facilities account (+$72 million, +66.4%), the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance account (+$58 million, +2.4%), the DEA (+$4 million, +0.2%), and the COPS account (+$2 million, +0.2%). Most of DOJ's accounts were funded below the Administration's request. There were two instances where funding was greater than the Administration's request, both grant program accounts: State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance (+$37 million, +1.5%) and COPS (+$14 million, +2.1%).

Many of the science accounts were funded at or below the FY2023 regular level. There were a few exceptions, most notably a more than five-fold increase for NASA's Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration account (+$253 million). Other increases in FY2024 funding for science accounts include NASA's Exploration account (+$197 million, +2.6%), NSF's Research and Related Activities account (+$155 million, +2.2%), NSF's Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction account (+$47 million, +25.0%), and NSF's STEM Education account (+$18 million, +1.6%). All of the science accounts were funded below the Administration's request.

The FY2024 CJS Appropriations Act provides funding for most related agencies at a level equal to the FY2023 regular appropriation, with the exception of the ITA (-0.3%) and the Salaries and Expenses for the USTR (-3.3%), which were funded below the FY2023 regular level. All of the related agencies were funded below the Administration's request, with the exception of the State Justice Institute and the Trade Enforcement Fund, which were funded at the requested level.

FY2023 Supplemental Funding for CJS

Both the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA, P.L. 117-58) ($1.100 billion) and the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (BSCA, P.L. 117-159) ($300 million) provided supplemental appropriations for the Departments of Commerce and Justice for FY2023. Section 121 of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-180) provided supplemental funding ($15 million) for the FBI for investigative activities associated with Afghan resettlement operations. In addition, the Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (Division N of P.L. 117-328) provided a total of $3.809 billion in supplemental funding for CJS agencies.

Advanced Appropriations

As shown in Table 3, the IIJA provided advanced appropriations for FY2023 to FY2026 for one NTIA program and two NOAA accounts.¹³ The BSCA also provided advanced appropriations for FY2023 to FY2026 for DOJ grant programs under the State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance and Community Oriented Policing Services accounts.

Appendix. Historical Funding for CJS