Policy Library

Directed energy (DE) weapons use concentrated electromagnetic energy, rather than kinetic energy, to combat enemy forces. Although the United States has been researching directed energy since the 1960...

/ Prepared by Valerie Heitshusen (Information as of July 11, 2024. Prepared by Valerie Heitshusen, Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process, Jennifer E. Manning, Senior Research Librarian, a...

Introduction Since the ratification of the 20th Amendment (1933), the oath of office for President of the United States has been scheduled to be administered every four years at noon on January 20. In...