Policy Library

5 documents

Critical Mineral Resources: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Role in Research and Analysis
Congressional Research Service · 2025-02-21 · Reports · 9,094 words · PDF available
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is a lead federal science agency responsible for mineral resources research and analysis, where resource refers to a naturally occurring concentration of a mineral on...
Class Action Certification Requirements
Congressional Research Service · 2025-02-21 · Infographics · 686 words · PDF available
/ Class Action Certification Requirements Class action lawsuits aggregate the claims of numerous individuals or entities into a single proceeding in which named class representatives litigate on behal...
Conditioning Federal Grant Awards: Understanding Grant Agreements, Amendments, and Terminations
Congressional Research Service · 2025-02-21 · Resources · 1,490 words · PDF available
Federal grants provide a significant portion of financial resources to state and local governments as well as certain nonprofit organizations. Federal grant funding is generally provided under either ...
Understanding Federal Agency Grant Disbursement, Payment Processes, and “Freezes”
Congressional Research Service · 2025-02-21 · Resources · 1,436 words · PDF available
This In Focus describes how federal agencies administer grant program funding, including the statutory authorities, regulatory provisions, and grant program guidance that informs the grant payment dis...
The Evolution of P.L. 86-272’s State Income Tax Immunity for Income Derived from Interstate Commerce
Congressional Research Service · 2025-02-21 · Resources · 1,747 words · PDF available
Enacted in 1959, P.L. 86-272, 73 Stat. 555 (codified at 15 U.S.C. §§ 381-384), limits the power of states to impose a net income tax on out-of-state sellers who have limited business activities within...