Policy Library

9 documents

Nonbank Financial Intermediation (NBFI or “Shadow Banking”) and Capital Markets Policy
Congressional Research Service · 2025-06-25 · Reports · 19,208 words · PDF available
Nonbank financial intermediation (NBFI)—sometimes known as “shadow banking”—generally refers to funding sources outside the banking system. NBFI has been an area of policy contention because of its si...
Federal Credit Programs: Comparing Fair Value and the Federal Credit Reform Act (FCRA)
Congressional Research Service · 2025-06-25 · Reports · 13,071 words · PDF available
The U.S. government uses direct loans and loan guarantees in a range of policy areas. More than 100 programs offering direct federal loans and private financial institution loans guaranteed by the gov...
Energy Tax Benefits for Data Centers: In Brief
Congressional Research Service · 2025-06-25 · Reports · 7,054 words · PDF available
The growth of data centers is projected to substantially increase electricity demand in the coming decades. This In Brief describes how data center owners may benefit from current federal tax credits ...
Reauthorizing the Defense Production Act
Congressional Research Service · 2025-06-25 · Posts · 921 words · PDF available
The Defense Production Act of 1950, or DPA (P.L. 81-774; 50 U.S.C. §§4501 et seq.) provides the President with an array of authorities to “shape national defense preparedness programs and to take appr...
Social Security: Selected Findings of the 2025 Annual Report
Congressional Research Service · 2025-06-25 · Resources · 1,745 words · PDF available
According to the 2025 report of the Board of Trustees of the Social Security Trust Funds, the program’s finances are in a similar, albeit marginally worse, position in 2025 relative to what they were ...
Defense Primer: U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM)
Congressional Research Service · 2025-06-25 · Resources · 1,524 words · PDF available
U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM, commonly referred to as NORTHCOM) is the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) unified combatant command (CCMD) responsible for the defense of North America. The term uni...
Defense Primer: U.S. Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM)
Congressional Research Service · 2025-06-25 · Resources · 1,595 words · PDF available
U.S. Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM, commonly referred to as CYBERCOM), is the Department of Defense (DOD) functional combatant command (CCMD) responsible for cyberspace operations. The command is a unifie...
Legislative Proposals Affecting Capital Markets Funding
Congressional Research Service · 2025-06-25 · Resources · 1,855 words · PDF available
Capital markets—the marketplace where securities such as stocks and bonds are issued and traded—provide major sources of funding for U.S. business operations. This In Focus summarizes selected legisla...
Indian Energy Programs at the Department of Energy
Congressional Research Service · 2025-06-25 · Resources · 1,630 words · PDF available
Indian energy programs at the Department of Energy (DOE) are carried out primarily by the Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs (IE) and the Loan Programs Office (LPO). IE funds various activiti...