Policy Library

7 documents

Congressional Court Watcher: Circuit Splits from June 2025
Congressional Research Service · 2025-07-09 · Posts · 1,200 words · PDF available
The U.S. Courts of Appeals for the thirteen “circuits” issue thousands of precedential decisions each year. Because relatively few of these decisions are ultimately reviewed by the Supreme Court, the ...
Surface Freight Transportation: Modal Options
Congressional Research Service · 2025-07-09 · Reports · 5,045 words · PDF available
Economic growth and expanded global trade have led to substantial increases in goods movement. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) projects that freight tonnage in the United States will increas...
What Is Disparate-Impact Discrimination?
Congressional Research Service · 2025-07-09 · Resources · 1,636 words · PDF available
Many federal antidiscrimination laws encompass two theories of discrimination: disparate treatment and disparate impact. Disparate-treatment discrimination involves intentional harm based on race, sex...
The Surface Transportation Board (STB): Background and Current Issues
Congressional Research Service · 2025-07-09 · Reports · 8,490 words · PDF available
The Surface Transportation Board (STB) was created by Congress in 1995 to replace the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) as the economic regulator of providers of interstate land and water transport...
Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV)
Congressional Research Service · 2025-07-09 · Resources · 1,212 words · PDF available
Background The Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) Family of Vehicles (FoV) is an Army-led, joint-service program designed to replace a portion of each service’s light tactical wheeled vehicle fleets....
Enforcement of Remedies Against Unfair Foreign Taxes
Congressional Research Service · 2025-07-09 · Resources · 1,724 words · PDF available
Lawmakers have proposed increasing taxes on income from U.S. sources by nonresident aliens from countries that impose taxes considered to be discriminatory (Section 899 of the Internal Revenue Code). ...
House Rule XI and Committee Rules That Govern Committee Markups and Hearings: Key Provisions
Congressional Research Service · 2025-07-09 · Reports · 11,418 words · PDF available
House committees follow procedures that are governed by the standing Rules of the House of Representatives, as well as committee rules that the committees adopt at the start of a Congress and may amen...