Policy Library

9 documents

First Amendment: Government Retaliation for Protected Expression
Congressional Research Service · 2025-07-10 · Posts · 1,829 words · PDF available
The Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment provides that “Congress shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech.” The clause applies to any government action, whether federal, state, or ...
Student Loan Types and Limits in the FY2025 Budget Reconciliation Act
Congressional Research Service · 2025-07-10 · Posts · 1,006 words · PDF available
P.L. 119-21, the FY2025 budget reconciliation act, amends the types of student loans available to borrowers under the Direct Loan program—the single largest source of federal financial assistance to s...
Crypto Legislation: CLARITY Act’s (H.R. 3633) Potential Effects on SEC Jurisdiction
Congressional Research Service · 2025-07-10 · Posts · 971 words · PDF available
The Digital Asset Market Clarity Act of 2025 (CLARITY, H.R. 3633) passed the House Committees on Financial Services and Agriculture on June 10, 2025. The bill aims to transform digital asset regulator...
Golden Dome: Funding in the 2025 Reconciliation Law (H.R. 1; P.L. 119-21)
Congressional Research Service · 2025-07-10 · Posts · 1,743 words · PDF available
Introduction A section in the 2025 budget reconciliation legislation often referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (P.L. 119-21, Title II, §20003) provided $24.4 billion for integrated air and m...
CDBG-DR Process Standardization: Selected HUD Actions and Legislative Proposals
Congressional Research Service · 2025-07-10 · Posts · 1,045 words · PDF available
Introduction Periodically, Congress has provided supplemental appropriations for Community Development Block Grants for Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR), administered by the Department of Housing and Urban...
The USGS Earth Mapping Resources Initiative
Congressional Research Service · 2025-07-10 · Resources · 1,351 words · PDF available
The U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS’s) Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (Earth MRI) is an effort within the USGS Mineral Resources Program (MRP, part of the Energy and Minerals Mission Area) to moder...
Poland: Background and U.S. Relations
Congressional Research Service · 2025-07-10 · Reports · 7,999 words · PDF available
Over the past three decades, the relationship between the United States and Poland has been close and cooperative. The United States strongly supported Poland’s accession to NATO in 1999 and its entry...
Legislative Categorical Exclusions Under the National Environmental Policy Act
Congressional Research Service · 2025-07-10 · Reports · 19,737 words · PDF available
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA; 42 U.S.C. §§4321 et seq.) establishes procedures for federal agencies to integrate consideration of environmental impacts into federal decisionmaking (i.e....
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Nuisance Species Efforts
Congressional Research Service · 2025-07-10 · Resources · 1,605 words · PDF available
Introduction Nuisance species are species that cause, or are likely to cause, economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. Nuisance species impact both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. A...