Policy Library

7,020 documents

A Modest Proposal to Improve Joint Professional Military Education
Heritage Foundation · 2025-01-23 · Commentary · 2,696 words
Pentagon logo is seen ahead of a press conference at the Pentagon in Washington D.C., United States on August 20, 2024.Celal Gunes / Anadolu / Getty ImagesKey TakeawaysVery often, JPME overemphasizes ...
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Heritage Foundation · 2025-01-23 · Commentary · 68 words
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Heritage Foundation · 2025-01-23 · Commentary · 68 words
The owner of this website (www.heritage.org) has banned you temporarily from accessing this website.
Considerations for Reprocessing of Spent Nuclear Fuel
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-23 · Reports · 9,040 words · PDF available
Nuclear reactors generate about 20% of U.S. commercial electric power and almost half of the nation’s low carbon electricity generation. However, nuclear reactors also produce highly radioactive spent...
International Tourist Arrivals to the United States
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-23 · Infographics · 438 words · PDF available
/ International Tourist Arrivals to the United States Sources: CRS analysis of International Trade Administration (ITA), ADIS/I-94 Visitor Arrivals Program, https://www.trade.gov/i-94-arrivals-program...
Fundamental Responsibilities of Recognized Statistical Agencies and Units, the Trust Regulation
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-23 · Resources · 1,365 words · PDF available
The federal statistical system (FSS) includes 16 recognized statistical agencies and units (RSAUs). Statistical policy and the RSAUs are coordinated by the chief statistician, operating from the Offic...
Customer Experience Research, Usability Testing, and the Paperwork Reduction Act
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-23 · Resources · 1,648 words · PDF available
Agencies may conduct customer research to help understand how people experience the delivery of federal services and to improve such delivery and experiences. The Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA, codifie...
Salt Typhoon Hacks of Telecommunications Companies and Federal Response Implications
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-23 · Resources · 1,548 words · PDF available
In early October 2024, media outlets reported that People’s Republic of China (PRC) state-sponsored hackers infiltrated United States telecommunications companies (including internet service providers...
Law Enforcement Use of Less-than-Lethal Weapons: Considerations for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-23 · Reports · 13,566 words · PDF available
Incidents of police-involved shootings resulting in the death of unarmed civilians, such as Andre Hill in 2020, Bijan Ghaisar in 2017, and Michael Brown in 2014, have raised concerns about law enforce...
Fishery Resource Disaster Determination Timeframes
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-23 · Infographics · 724 words · PDF available
/ Fishery Resource Disaster Determination Timeframes In the Fishery Resource Disasters Improvement Act (P.L. 117-328, Division S, Title II), enacted in December 2022, Congress amended or repealed seve...
Presidential Medal of Freedom
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-23 · Reports · 10,727 words
The Presidential Medal of Freedom is considered the U.S. government’s highest civilian honor. Awarded by the President, it is often presented to individuals to recognize a lifetime of significant achi...
Correcting VA’s Violations of Veterans’ Due Process and Second Amendment Rights
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-23 · Testimony · 4,813 words · PDF available
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Human-focused education: Advancing broader purposes of education through the science of learning
Brookings Institution · 2025-01-22 · Article · 9,022 words · PDF available
How do we reform the American education system to ensure that students have access to a breadth of skills? Answer: The science of learning.
Explaining the Brookings Regulatory Tracker
Brookings Institution · 2025-01-22 · Article · 4,142 words · PDF available
The Center on Regulation and Markets provide context around the regulatory process, details on what actions the Brookings Regulatory Tracker includes, and guidance on how to use its interactive featur...
Learning on the move
Brookings Institution · 2025-01-22 · Article · 15,638 words · PDF available
2022 Echidna Scholar Halimatou Hima analyzes the effects of insecurity on education in the Sahel.
How will South Korea navigate US-China competition in 2025?
Brookings Institution · 2025-01-22 · Article · 7,667 words · PDF available
Intensifying U.S.-China competition may lead South Korea to recalibrate its relationship with the United States and China.
International Agreement on Plastic Pollution: Negotiations
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-22 · Resources · 1,632 words · PDF available
Global plastic waste is projected to almost triple by 2060. Plastic waste can lead to plastic pollution when it enters the environment, including terrestrial freshwater, and marine ecosystems. There a...
TikTok Inc. v. Garland: Supreme Court Rejects Challenge to TikTok Divestiture Law
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-22 · Posts · 2,791 words · PDF available
On Friday, January 17, 2025, the Supreme Court rejected a First Amendment challenge to the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act (“PAFACAA” or “the act”). The decisio...
The Controlled Substances Act (CSA): A Legal Overview for the 119th Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-22 · Reports · 28,338 words · PDF available
The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) establishes a unified legal framework to regulate certain drugs and other substances that are deemed to pose a risk of abuse and dependence. The CSA may apply to dr...
ITER—An International Nuclear Fusion Research and Development Facility
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-22 · Reports · 5,696 words · PDF available
ITER, previously referred to as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, is a multibillion-dollar collaboration of the European Union (host), China, India, Japan, Russia, South Korea, and...
U.S. Air Force Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA)
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-22 · Resources · 1,390 words · PDF available
What Are Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA)? The U.S. Air Force is developing a new type of uncrewed weapon system called Collaborative Combat Aircraft. The Air Force contends that CCA is being creat...
Social Security: Major Decisions in the House and Senate Since 1935
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-22 · Reports · 52,960 words · PDF available
Social Security—formally known as Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance—was enacted in 1935 and has been amended numerous times. Lists and summaries of individual major Social Security amendmen...
Farm Bill Primer: Disaster Assistance
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-22 · Resources · 1,558 words · PDF available
Several federal programs help agricultural producers recover from the effects of natural disasters, including the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP), livestock and fruit tree disaster p...
FEMA’s Support Role: Migration at the Southwest Border
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-22 · Resources · 1,552 words · PDF available
Introduction On multiple occasions, Presidents and U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Secretaries have tasked the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) with supporting the federal respons...
Defense Primer: The Department of Defense
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-22 · Resources · 1,597 words · PDF available
The Department of Defense (DOD) was established after World War II by the 1947 National Security Act (P.L. 80-253). At the time, some, including President Truman, took the view that the different comp...
Congressional Careers: Service Tenure and Patterns of Member Service, 1789-2025
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-22 · Reports · 5,796 words · PDF available
The average service tenure of Members of the Senate and House of Representatives has varied substantially since 1789. This report presents data on Member tenure over time, analyzes factors that affect...
How low can you go? Budget baseline games and tax policy
Brookings Institution · 2025-01-21 · Article · 1,854 words
President Trump and the Republican-led Congress are expected to use a legislative process calledreconciliationto pass major tax legislation next year. This process allows legislation to pass with only...
A stocktaking on locally led development and what next
Brookings Institution · 2025-01-21 · Article · 2,036 words · PDF available
George Ingram documents a roundtable that examined the continuum across administrations in advancing locally led development and looks ahead.
Trump's second inaugural address: Immigration, culture, and conflict
Brookings Institution · 2025-01-21 · Article · 777 words
William Galston and Elaine Kamarck analyze the policy implications of President Trump's second inaugural address.
Iraq’s search for security and sovereignty after Assad’s collapse
Brookings Institution · 2025-01-21 · Article · 1,419 words
Iraq must recalibrate its relationship with a weakened Iran, in dialogue with the new Trump administration.
The KDNLC is now the Network for Education Systems Transformation (NEST)
Brookings Institution · 2025-01-21 · Article · 696 words
The KDNLC is now the Network for Education Systems Transformation (NEST).
The Easterlin Paradox at 50
Brookings Institution · 2025-01-21 · Article · 19,710 words · PDF available
A review of national and individual-level data on subjective wellbeing and income.
Niger
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-21 · Resources · 1,712 words · PDF available
Events in Niger have deepened the challenges facing U.S. policymakers in the Sahel region, amid rising Islamist insurgencies, intraregional tensions, and Russian influence. A military junta seized pow...
Options for Railroad Electrification and Decarbonization
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-21 · Resources · 1,679 words · PDF available
Introduction and Background Compared with most other modes of freight and passenger transportation, railroads consume energy more efficiently and pollute less. Nevertheless, because most trains rely o...
Farm Bill Primer: Conservation Title
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-21 · Resources · 1,341 words · PDF available
The conservation title of a farm bill generally contains reauthorizations, amendments, and new programs that encourage farmers and ranchers to voluntarily implement resource-conserving practices on pr...
The U.S. Army’s Indirect Fire Protection Capability (IFPC) System
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-21 · Resources · 1,284 words · PDF available
Background Protecting high-value military sites against enemy cruise missile (CM), unmanned aerial system (UAS), and rocket, artillery, and mortar (RAM) attacks has long been an important consideratio...
U.S. Circuit Court Nominees Confirmed During the Biden Presidency: Overview and Comparative Statistics
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-21 · Posts · 968 words · PDF available
This Insight provides statistics related to the nomination and confirmation of U.S. circuit court nominees during the Biden presidency. This Insight also compares these statistics with those for circu...
Senate Select Committee on Ethics: A Brief History of Its Evolution and Jurisdiction
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-21 · Reports · 10,560 words · PDF available
The U.S. Constitution provides each House of Congress with the sole authority to establish rules and punish and expel Members. From 1789 to 1964, the Senate dealt individually with cases of disciplina...
Lunar New Year: Fact Sheet
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-21 · Reports · 1,872 words · PDF available
The Lunar New Year is a holiday celebrated in many parts of Asia and in Asian communities around the world. It marks the beginning of the year using the traditional Chinese lunisolar calendar. Typical...
Trump’s regulatory housecleaning won’t be easy
Brookings Institution · 2025-01-20 · Article · 7,563 words · PDF available
Deregulatory efforts by the new Trump administration will face many of the same judicial hurdles as during his first term.
Artificial intelligence is transforming middle-class jobs. Can it also help the poor?
Brookings Institution · 2025-01-18 · Article · 7,134 words · PDF available
Luis Felipe Lopez-Calva, Carlos Rodriguez-Castelan, and Hernan Winkler discuss bridging the digital divide in GenAI to benefit the world's poor.
Ben Bernanke’s contributions to economics
Brookings Institution · 2025-01-17 · Article · 892 words · PDF available
A summary of the American Economics Association's Jan. 2025The Brookings Institution is financed through the support of a diverse array of foundations, corporations, governments, individuals, as well ...
Congestion pricing is now a viable option for US cities’ transportation policymaking
Brookings Institution · 2025-01-17 · Article · 175 words
The Metropolitan Transportation Authority earlier this month launched New York City’s congestion pricing program, with early indications the program is achieving its aims.
Will Trump’s inaugural address recognize America’s key demographic shifts?
Brookings Institution · 2025-01-17 · Article · 15,818 words · PDF available
As many Americans focus on President-elect Donald Trump’s inauguration, his Day 1 pronouncements, and the policies he plans to introduce, one question is: Will these actions recognize key demographic ...
Gaza ceasefire: What the Israel-Hamas agreement means
Brookings Institution · 2025-01-17 · Article · 2,408 words
On Wednesday, Israel and Hamas reached a ceasefire and hostage-for-prisoner release agreement. Natan Sachs breaks down the situation.
End the Corporation for Public Broadcasting
Heritage Foundation · 2025-01-17 · Commentary · 1,226 words
A view of the National Public Radio (NPR) headquarters on North Capitol Street February 22, 2023 in Washington, D.C.Drew Angerer / Getty ImagesKey TakeawaysNPR and PBS covered themselves in infamy wit...
Is Intifada Coming to America?
Heritage Foundation · 2025-01-17 · Commentary · 1,053 words
A sign reading "Globalize The Intifada" is seen on the ground as people demonstrate in support of Palestine in Brooklyn, New York, July 31, 2021.KENA BETANCUR / AFP / Getty ImagesKey TakeawaysIntifada...
Americans Must Solve a Civilization-Level Crisis.
Heritage Foundation · 2025-01-17 · Commentary · 2,240 words
Young men without both parents are more likely to spend time in prison than graduate college.Maskot / Getty ImagesKey TakeawaysThe main driver of the boy crisis is dad deprivation.Opportunities for me...
UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA): Background and U.S. Funding Trends
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-17 · Resources · 1,674 words · PDF available
Amid the ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip, developments related to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), which provides ...
Millennium Challenge Corporation
Congressional Research Service · 2025-01-17 · Resources · 1,474 words · PDF available
Overview The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) is an independent agency established in 2004 by the Millennium Challenge Act (Title VI of Division D, P.L. 108-199). It was created amid intense con...