The Declare War Clause, Part 7: The Cold War and Korean War
This Legal Sidebar is the seventh part of an eight-part series that discusses the Declare War Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 11 of the Constitution, which grants Congress the power “To declare...
The Declare War Clause, Part 8: Vietnam War Through 21st-Century Conflicts
This Legal Sidebar is the last in an eight-part series that discusses the Declare War Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 11 of the Constitution, which grants Congress the power “To declare War, gr...
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) Oil and Gas Program: Provisions in P.L. 11597, Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (P.L. 115-97), enacted in December 2017, included provisions establishing an oil and gas program in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR or the Refuge). Under this progr...
Defense Primer: Military Infrastructure Funding
The Department of Defense (DOD) maintains military infrastructure to support military missions around the world. This infrastructure includes buildings, roads, airfields, ports, training ranges, barra...
Pakistan’s Domestic Political Setting
Overview
Historically, constitutionalism and parliamentary democracy have fared poorly in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, marked by power struggles among presidents, prime ministers (PMs), and army ...
Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2024 Appropriations: Overview
The Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill includes funding for the Department of the Treasury, the Executive Office of the President, the judiciary, the District of Colu...
Commemorative Works Act: Siting Memorials in the District of Columbia
In 1986, Congress enacted the Commemorative Works Act (CWA) to guide the authorization, design, and placement of memorials in Washington, DC, on property administered by the National Park Service (NPS...
Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) FY2025 Appropriations: Overview
The Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill includes funding for the Department of the Treasury, the Executive Office of the President, the judiciary, the District of Colu...
Worker Participation in Employer-Sponsored Pensions: Data in Brief and Recent Trends
This report provides data on the percentage of U.S. workers who have access to, and who participate in, employer-sponsored pension plans. The data are from the National Compensation Survey (NCS), cond...
Memorials and Commemorative Works Outside Washington, DC: Background, Federal Role, and Options for Congress
Congress frequently faces questions about whether and how to commemorate people and events that have influenced the nation’s history. Congress sometimes has chosen to do so by establishing national me...
Religious Discrimination at School: Application of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Since the beginning of armed hostilities between Israel and Hamas on October 7, 2023, Congress has focused significant attention on the reaction of students and schools, colleges, and universities to ...
U.S. Arms Transfer Restrictions and AUKUS Cooperation
On September 15, 2021, Australia, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States announced an “enhanced trilateral security partnership,” named AUKUS after the participating countries. The partnership...
Legal Effect of Marijuana Rescheduling on FDA’s Regulation of Cannabis
Cannabis and its derivatives are regulated under various federal laws, depending on the particular characteristics and uses of the substance or product. Currently, unless an exception applies, cannabi...
The Federal Arbitration Act and Class Action Waivers
Arbitration agreements have become ubiquitous and are used in a wide range of contexts, including business-to-business contracts, employment contracts, collective bargaining agreements, and consumer c...