Components of Federal Criminal Law
Congress has enacted many federal criminal laws covering topics as diverse as drug trafficking, immigration, assault, computer hacking, bribery, and wildlife trafficking, among others. Congress’s cont...
Alcohol Excise Taxes: An Overview
The federal excise tax on alcoholic beverages is imposed at the manufacturer and importer level, based on the per unit production or importation of alcoholic beverages (e.g., distilled spirits, wine, ...
Analyzing Constitutionality Under the First Amendment's Free Speech Clause
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Information as of September 12, 2024. Prepared by Victoria L. Killion, Legislative Attorney, and Jamie L. Bush, Visual Information
Specialist. For more information, see CRS Report R47986, Freedom of...
Moody v. NetChoice, LLC: The Supreme Court Addresses Facial Challenges to State Social Media Laws
On July 1, 2024, the Supreme Court vacated the judgments in two consolidated First Amendment challenges to state laws that regulate certain online platforms’ moderation of user-posted content and rema...
The United Nations System: Frequently Asked Questions
The United Nations (UN) system is a group of interconnected entities that includes the United Nations itself, UN specialized agencies, UN peacekeeping operations, UN funds and programs, and other rela...
Post-9/11 GI Bill Transferability: Frequently Asked Questions
Congress determined that because military service in Iraq and Afghanistan following September 11, 2001, was particularly challenging, servicemembers from that era deserved a veterans educational assis...
The FY2025 President’s Budget in Historical Context
On March 11, 2024, the Biden Administration submitted its budget for FY2025, which proposes increased federal revenues, continued growth in mandatory outlays, and decreased discretionary outlays relat...
Macroeconomic Theory for Policymakers: An Illustrated Guide
This report serves as a visual guide to macroeconomic theory, and includes graphics related to economic growth, aggregate supply and aggregate demand, fiscal policy, monetary policy, the dollar, excha...
Home Energy Rebates from the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, P.L. 117-169: Frequently Asked Questions
P.L. 117-169, commonly known as the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA), appropriated $9 billion for residential energy efficiency and electrification financial assistance programs. These include tw...
Houthi Attacks in the Red Sea: Issues for Congress
Since the October 7, 2023, Hamas attacks and Israel’s military response in Gaza, the Ansar Allah/Houthi movement, an Iran-backed force in Yemen, has targeted (Figure 1) Israeli territory and commercia...
Enactment of Appropriations Measures During Lame Duck Sessions
Fourteen of the past 15 Congresses have concluded with post-election, or “lame duck,” sessions. Under contemporary conditions, any meeting of Congress that occurs between a congressional election in N...
State Regulation of Prescription Drug Prices: Prescription Drug Affordability Boards and Related Litigation
As conversations about health care costs, including prescription drug prices, continue in the 118th Congress, the federal Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program, created in the Inflation Reduction Ac...
Support Offices in the House of Representatives: Roles and Authorities
Article I of the Constitution, in Sections 2 and 3, authorizes the House of Representatives and Senate to choose their own officers. The number of such congressional support personnel, as well as thei...
DOD Plans for “Stabilizing and Improving the Military Health System”
The Department of Defense (DOD) administers a Military Health System (MHS) that provides health care entitlements authorized in Title 10, Chapters 55 and 56, of the U.S. Code, and is organized, in par...