Policy Library

6,587 documents

The Department of Labor’s 2024 Final Rule on Investment Advice in Private Sector Pension Plans and Individual Retirement Accounts
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-18 · Reports · 14,327 words · PDF available
On April 25, 2024, the Department of Labor (DOL) issued a final regulation to redefine investment advice within private sector pension and retirement plans, which replaced regulations issued in 1975 (...
Work and Social Security Disability Benefits: Addressing Challenges and Creating Opportunities
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-18 · Testimony · 6,881 words · PDF available
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Proposal to Create a U.S. Army Drone Corps
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-18 · Posts · 989 words · PDF available
Introduction A provision of the House-passed H.R. 8070, the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, would establish the “Drone Corps” as ...
PACs and Super PACs in Federal Election Campaigns: Legal Framework
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-17 · Resources · 1,554 words · PDF available
Political action committees (PACs) and super PACs play significant roles in federal election campaigns by raising and spending money to influence elections. While PACs have been a part of the campaign...
National Level Exercises: History, Authorities, and Congressional Considerations
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-17 · Resources · 1,636 words · PDF available
Every two years, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) conducts a National Level Exercise (NLE) to evaluate the nation’s progress toward preparedness for catastrophic events. These exercises ...
SBA Disaster Loan Limits: Policy Options and Considerations
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-17 · Reports · 7,057 words · PDF available
The Small Business Administration (SBA) Disaster Loan Program provides disaster loans to eligible households and businesses to help them rebuild and recover after a disaster. SBA disaster loans includ...
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 10–June 16, 2024)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-17 · Posts · 3,663 words · PDF available
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to fede...
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Public Accommodations in Web Services
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-17 · Reports · 11,411 words · PDF available
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires businesses open to the public to accommodate people with disabilities. To comply, businesses must work to remove physical barriers and modify policie...
Hemp Provisions in the House Farm Bill and FY2025 Agriculture Appropriations Bill
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-17 · Posts · 1,061 words · PDF available
Recent action by the House Agriculture Committee on the next farm bill (Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024; H.R. 8467, as amended) and the House Agriculture Appropriations Subcommittee on t...
Selected Tribal Lands in 118th Congressional Districts
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-17 · Reports · 14,230 words · PDF available
The United States has a federal trust responsibility to 574 federally recognized Tribes (“Tribes”), which includes a responsibility to manage certain tribal lands and assets. The federal trust respons...
Project Safe Childhood and the National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-14 · Resources · 1,607 words · PDF available
Countering child sexual exploitation is a perennial issue for policymakers, law enforcement, and the public. Project Safe Childhood (PSC) is the Department of Justice’s (DOJ’s) nationwide initiative t...
Modernization of the Community Reinvestment Act
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-14 · Reports · 17,301 words · PDF available
The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA: P.L. 95-128, 12 U.S.C. §§2901-2908) addresses how banking institutions meet the credit needs of the areas they serve, particularly in low- and moderate-income (LMI...
Automobiles, Air Pollution, and Climate Change
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-14 · Resources · 1,823 words · PDF available
On August 5, 2021, President Biden signed Executive Order 14037, “Strengthening American Leadership in Clean Cars and Trucks” (86 FR 43583). The order required, among other items, executive agencies t...
Recovering Funds from Parties Liable: Stafford Act Authorities
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-14 · Resources · 1,718 words · PDF available
Introduction The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (the Stafford Act; P.L. 93-288, as amended, 42 U.S.C. §§5121 et seq.) authorizes the President to provide federal respo...
Medicaid Coverage for Former Foster Youth Up to Age 26
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-14 · Resources · 1,670 words · PDF available
Children are removed from families and placed into foster care due to incidents of abuse, neglect, or other family crisis. During FY2022, nearly 570,000 children spent at least a day in foster care. O...
Foreign Ownership, Control, and Influence (FOCI) Risks in the Food and Agriculture Sector
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-13 · Reports · 10,716 words · PDF available
In recent years, congressional concerns over potential risks to domestic food security posed by foreign ownership, control, and influence (FOCI) of critical infrastructure in the U.S. food and agricul...
Voluntary Carbon Credit Markets and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-13 · Reports · 8,641 words · PDF available
A carbon market generally refers to an economic framework that supports the buying and selling of carbon “credits” or “offsets” representing a measurable reduction, avoidance, or sequestration of gree...
Mountain Valley Pipeline: Past the Finish Line
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-13 · Posts · 1,020 words · PDF available
The Mountain Valley Pipeline (MVP) is a 303-mile natural gas transmission pipeline linking natural gas fields in West Virginia to the Transco pipeline in Virginia (Figure 1). Initially proposed in 201...
Banking Legislation in the 118th Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-13 · Posts · 1,051 words · PDF available
This Insight outlines the banking and credit union bills that have seen committee or floor action in the 118th Congress and provides links to other CRS resources. It does not cover bills that indirect...
The Biden Administration’s June 2024 Proclamation and Rule, Securing the Border
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-12 · Posts · 3,250 words · PDF available
On June 3, 2024, President Biden—pursuant to statutory authorities under 8 U.S.C. § 1182(f), 8 U.S.C. § 1185(a), and 3 U.S.C. § 301—signed a proclamation, “Securing the Border” (Proclamation), that te...
Connecting Constituents with Federal Programs for Public Parks
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-12 · Resources · 1,024 words · PDF available
Congress has established programs to assist constituents—including individuals, organizations, tribes, and local governments—with projects to establish or upgrade public parks and related outdoor recr...
Understanding the Content of an Appropriations Bill
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-12 · Infographics · 632 words · PDF available
/ Understanding the Content of an Appropriations Bill This infographic provides information on the legislative components commonly included in annual appropriations acts. For further information on a...
Natural Disasters and the Homeowners Insurance Market
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-12 · Posts · 1,029 words · PDF available
Insurance consumers in parts of the United States have been experiencing higher prices and gaps in coverage, with households often struggling to find and afford homeowners insurance that sufficiently ...
Federal-Tribal Consultation: Background and Issues for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-12 · Reports · 18,685 words · PDF available
In recent decades, congressional interest in federal-tribal consultation on federal actions has grown, especially as some federally recognized Tribes (“Tribes”) and other Indigenous entities have soug...
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 3–June 9, 2024)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-11 · Posts · 2,279 words · PDF available
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to fede...
Can Tax Policy Increase Saving?
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-11 · Reports · 13,791 words · PDF available
National saving consists of (1) business saving by corporations; (2) personal saving by individuals; (3) saving (or more often dissaving) by the federal government; and (4) saving by state and local g...
Analysis of the Adult Activities Allotment Formula under the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-11 · Reports · 29,806 words · PDF available
The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act of 2014 (WIOA; P.L. 113-128) is the primary federal workforce development statute. Congress has considered bills in the 117th and 118th Congresses that wou...
Contributions to Defined Contribution Retirement Plans
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-11 · Reports · 15,721 words · PDF available
Defined contribution (DC) retirement plans are a common employee benefit in the United States, with 63% of all American workers having access to such plans in 2023. These plans may be offered by both ...
Timing of the President’s Budget Submission to Congress: FY2010-FY2025
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-11 · Infographics · 588 words · PDF available
/ Timing of the President’s Budget Submission to Congress: FY2010-FY2025 The President's budget is a statement of the President's policy priorities and a unified plan for the allocation of federal bud...
Elections and Campaign Finance Policy: A CRS Podcast Series
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-11 · Posts · 396 words · PDF available
The CRS podcast series on elections and campaign finance policy features CRS analysts discussing their areas of expertise. Each episode serves as an introductory briefing that interested listeners can...
India’s 2024 National Election
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-10 · Resources · 1,715 words · PDF available
Overview and Results The United States has been developing a strategic partnership with the Republic of India for two decades, and the U.S. Congress has broadly supported that engagement. Reflecting a...
Forest Service: FY2024 Appropriations
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-10 · Resources · 1,177 words · PDF available
The Forest Service (FS) is responsible for managing 193 million acres of land in the National Forest System (NFS), conducting forestry research, and providing assistance to state, local, private, and ...
Funding for Wildfire Management: FY2024 Appropriations for the Forest Service and Department of the Interior
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-10 · Resources · 1,333 words · PDF available
The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Forest Service (FS) and the Department of the Interior (DOI) are responsible for wildfire response and management across federal lands within their respective juri...
Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2024 Appropriations
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-10 · Reports · 7,280 words · PDF available
Petroleum-Equivalent Fuel Economy of Electric Vehicles: In Brief
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-10 · Reports · 4,249 words · PDF available
In March 2024, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) published a final rule (“Petroleum-Equivalent Fuel Economy Calculation,” 89 Federal Register 22041, March 29, 2024) to revise its regulations for cal...
Suspending the Tax-Exempt Status of Terrorist and Terrorist Supporting Organizations: H.R. 6408 in Context
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-07 · Posts · 1,371 words · PDF available
H.R. 6408 would establish a process for suspending the tax-exempt status of organizations if the Secretary of the Treasury designates them as “terrorist supporting organizations.” The suspended organi...
Department of Energy’s Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence (OICI)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-07 · Resources · 1,415 words · PDF available
Background The Department of Energy’s Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence (OICI) can trace its origins to the Second World War, when the U.S. government sought to collect intelligence on Ge...
Appropriations Duration of Availability: One-Year, Multi-Year, and No-Year Funds
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-07 · Reports · 5,160 words · PDF available
Controlling the duration for which funds are available to agencies is one of the ways Congress exercises its power of the purse and represents a key set of decisions made during the appropriations pro...
Columbia River System Operations and the Future of the Lower Snake River Dams
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-07 · Reports · 25,338 words · PDF available
Congress has repeatedly engaged in debates on how to operate and allocate resources from federal projects—such as multipurpose federal dams—to serve various human needs while protecting or conserving ...
Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS): Frequently Asked Questions
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-07 · Reports · 4,199 words · PDF available
This report is divided into an introduction and four discussion sections, each of which addresses a set of questions related to one of four key topics for EGS. Importance The first set of questions ex...
Political Status of Puerto Rico: Brief Background and Recent Developments for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-06 · Reports · 9,392 words · PDF available
Puerto Rico lies approximately 1,000 miles southeast of Miami and 1,500 miles from Washington, DC. Despite being far outside the continental United States, the island has played a significant role in ...
Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business Contracting Program Changes
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-06 · Posts · 983 words · PDF available
Annual Contracting Goal Increase The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2024 (P.L. 118-31), enacted December 22, 2023, increased the federal government’s annual goal for contrac...
Mexico’s 2024 Elections
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-06 · Posts · 1,025 words · PDF available
On June 2, 2024, Mexico, a top U.S. trade and strategic partner, convened elections for federal, state, and local offices, including the presidency, both chambers of congress, and nine governorships. ...
The Minority Business Development Agency: An Overview of Its History and Programs
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-06 · Reports · 18,452 words · PDF available
The Department of Commerce’s Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) is the lead federal agency dedicated to assisting minority business enterprises (MBEs) in overcoming social and economic disadv...
Federal Contracting by Veteran-Owned Small Businesses: An Overview and Analysis of Contemporary Issues
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-06 · Reports · 9,791 words · PDF available
Since the passage of P.L. 93-237 in 1974, which instructed the Small Business Administration (SBA) to give “special consideration to veterans of the Armed Forces of the United States and their survivo...
Section 1071: Small Business Lending Data Collection and Reporting
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-06 · Reports · 13,335 words · PDF available
Small businesses are owned by and employ a wide variety of entrepreneurs—skilled trade technicians, farmers, medical professionals, financial consultants, technology innovators, and restauranteurs, am...
Statehood Process and Political Status of U.S. Territories: Brief Policy Background
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-06 · Resources · 1,438 words · PDF available
Proposals to admit new states to the union are as old as the republic. A larger United States was contemplated at least as early as 1787, with enactment of the Northwest Ordinance, which addressed ter...
Defense Primer: Department of Defense Contractors
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-06 · Resources · 1,466 words · PDF available
Throughout its history, the Department of Defense (DOD) has relied on contractors to support a wide range of military operations. Within the defense policy community, the term contractor is commonly u...
U.S.-Mexico Trade Relations
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-06 · Resources · 1,515 words · PDF available
The 118th Congress is engaged in a range of legislative and oversight activities related to trade policy toward Mexico, which in 2023 became the largest U.S. trade partner. Mexico is also of interest ...
Education Department Finalizes New Title IX Regulations: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-05 · Posts · 2,365 words · PDF available
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX) prohibits sex discrimination in education programs that receive federal financial assistance. In updated regulations, the Department of Educatio...