Policy Library

7,020 documents

Presidential Disability Under the Twenty-Fifth Amendment: Constitutional Provisions and Perspectives for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-17 · Reports · 16,692 words · PDF available
Sections 3 and 4 of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provide for presidential disability or inability. Section 3 of the amendment sets the procedure whereby a President may declare...
Dispute Settlement in the WTO and U.S. Trade Agreements
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-17 · Resources · 1,779 words · PDF available
Since the 1980s, Congress has declared that a principal trade negotiating objective of the United States is the establishment and use of dispute settlement (DS) mechanisms to enforce commitments in U....
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Funding Overview
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-16 · Reports · 6,680 words · PDF available
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) works to protect public health by providing leadership, information, and scientific expertise in preventing and controlling diseases, including out...
Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2024 Budget and Appropriations
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-16 · Reports · 18,275 words · PDF available
Each year, Congress considers 12 distinct appropriations measures to fund federal programs and activities. One of these is the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) app...
Education Department Updates Title IX Regulations: Responding to Sex Discrimination and Harassment at School
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-16 · Posts · 2,819 words · PDF available
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX) prohibits sex discrimination in education programs that receive federal financial assistance. In updated regulations, the Department of Educatio...
U.S. Senate Vacancies: How Are They Filled?
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-16 · Resources · 1,698 words · PDF available
Senate Vacancies in the Constitution and State Law Vacancies in the membership of the U.S. Senate can occur as the result of the resignation, death, or expulsion of a Member, or the refusal of the Sen...
Who Protects Whom? Federal Official and Judicial Security and Personal Protective Details
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-16 · Reports · 6,225 words · PDF available
In July 2024, a Pittsburgh-area man attempted to assassinate former President Donald J. Trump at a political rally in Pennsylvania. Attacks against political figures and government officials have been...
Consolidated Interim Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel: Recent Licensing Decisions
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-15 · Posts · 3,145 words · PDF available
Storage of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is a topic of perennial interest to Congress. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has issued three licenses for storage of SNF at privately owned, away-from-rea...
Natural Gas Reliability: Issues for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-15 · Reports · 20,884 words · PDF available
The reliability of the U.S. natural gas system is of growing policy interest in Congress. Until recently, natural gas shortages were relatively rare. However, key stakeholders, especially in the elect...
The Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-15 · Infographics · 749 words · PDF available
/ The Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC) The ICC’s Subject-Matter Jurisdiction. The ICC is authorized to prosecute and try individuals for 4 crimes deemed to be the most ...
Disqualification of a Candidate for the Presidency, Part I: Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment as It Applies to the Presidency
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-15 · Posts · 4,187 words · PDF available
On March 4, 2024, the Supreme Court in Trump v. Anderson reversed the Colorado Supreme Court’s decision in Anderson v. Griswold that former President Trump was ineligible to appear on the state’s prim...
Cabo Verde: In Brief
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-15 · Reports · 5,829 words · PDF available
Cabo Verde, a small island nation of about 611,000 people located off the west coast of Africa, is described by the State Department as “one of Africa’s success stories.” The country has long-standing...
Family Violence Prevention and Services Act (FVPSA)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-15 · Resources · 1,612 words · PDF available
History of FVPSA Throughout much of the 20th century, domestic violence remained a hidden problem. Survivors (or victims) were hesitant to seek help, primarily because of fear of retaliation by their ...
Global Women’s Issues: Background and Selected U.S. Efforts
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-15 · Resources · 1,630 words · PDF available
For several decades, Congress has considered or enacted legislation aimed at improving the rights and status of women and girls worldwide. These efforts, which may address a range of global issues suc...
Syria and U.S. Policy
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-15 · Resources · 1,680 words · PDF available
Since 2011, conflict between the government of Syrian President Bashar al Asad and opposition forces seeking his removal has displaced roughly half of the country’s population and killed over half a m...
Child Nutrition Reauthorization (CNR): An Overview
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-15 · Resources · 1,300 words · PDF available
Introduction Child nutrition reauthorization (CNR) refers to Congress’s process of making changes to the permanent statutes that authorize the child nutrition programs, the Special Supplemental Nutrit...
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Appropriations: FY2025 President’s Budget Request
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-12 · Resources · 1,267 words · PDF available
Since FY2006, Congress has funded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations acts. For FY2025, the President requested $10.99 bill...
Supreme Court Allows Emergency Abortions in Idaho but Leaves Litigation Unresolved
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-12 · Posts · 3,806 words · PDF available
On June 27, 2024, the Supreme Court, in a one-sentence, unsigned (per curiam) order accompanied by four concurring and/or dissenting opinions, concluded that it had “improvidently granted” review befo...
Northeast Asia: Key to Liquefied Natural Gas Markets
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-12 · Infographics · 313 words · PDF available
/ Northeast Asia—including China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan—is the largest liquefied natural gas (LNG) importing region in the world. In 2023, it accounted for approximately 50% of global LNG tra...
Department of Defense Directed Energy Weapons: Background and Issues for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-11 · Reports · 10,029 words · PDF available
Directed energy (DE) weapons use concentrated electromagnetic energy, rather than kinetic energy, to combat enemy forces. Although the United States has been researching directed energy since the 1960...
Inauguration Security and Operations
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-11 · Resources · 1,295 words · PDF available
Introduction Since the ratification of the 20th Amendment (1933), the oath of office for President of the United States has been scheduled to be administered every four years at noon on January 20. In...
From Bill to Law: Stages of the Legislative Process
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-11 · Infographics · 688 words · PDF available
/ Prepared by Valerie Heitshusen (Information as of July 11, 2024. Prepared by Valerie Heitshusen, Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process, Jennifer E. Manning, Senior Research Librarian, a...
Fischer v. United States: Supreme Court Reads Federal Obstruction Provision Narrowly in Capitol Breach Prosecution
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-10 · Posts · 2,902 words · PDF available
On June 28, 2024, the Supreme Court issued an opinion in Fischer v. United States, a case concerning whether a federal obstruction of justice statute covers a defendant’s alleged participation in the ...
Connecting Charitable Food Assistance Organizations to Federal Funding Information and Resources
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-10 · Reports · 2,978 words · PDF available
This report is intended to help congressional offices respond to grant funding requests from charitable food assistance organizations. It includes relevant federal resources related to food procuremen...
Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-10 · Resources · 1,571 words · PDF available
The Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms (TAAF) program helps U.S. firms impacted by import competition to improve their global competitiveness. TAAF is administered by the U.S. Department of Commerc...
U.S. Overseas Basing: Background and Issues for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-10 · Reports · 29,370 words · PDF available
Since World War II, the U.S. military has maintained a large network of overseas bases (that is, military facilities located outside the United States and its territories). Currently, the U.S. Departm...
U.S. Center for SafeSport: A Primer
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-09 · Resources · 1,565 words · PDF available
The U.S. Center for SafeSport (“the Center”) is the primary amateur athletics organization in the United States with responsibility for preventing and responding to sexual and other abuse. Between its...
2024 Presidential Nominating Process: Frequently Asked Questions
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-09 · Reports · 7,830 words · PDF available
The presidential nominating process is one of the most complex aspects of American politics. This report provides brief answers to selected frequently asked questions about that process in 2024. In so...
The Congressional Review Act: The Lookback Mechanism and Presidential Transitions
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-09 · Resources · 1,772 words · PDF available
The Congressional Review Act (CRA, 5 U.S.C. §§801-808) is a tool that Congress can use to overturn federal regulations. Enacted in 1996, the CRA requires that agencies submit covered rules to Congress...
Parliamentary Elections in Mongolia
Mongolia, an important U.S. partner in the Indo-Pacific region, held parliamentary elections on June 28. Sharing borders with Russia and the People’s Republic of China (PRC, or China), Mongolia stands...
CRS Services to District and State Offices: Overview and Selected Resources
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-08 · Resources · 1,278 words · PDF available
The Congressional Research Service (CRS) serves all congressional offices—those on Capitol Hill, as well as those in a Member’s home district or state office. This resource guide provides a brief over...
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (July 1–July 7, 2024)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-08 · Posts · 2,241 words · PDF available
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to fede...
The United Kingdom’s 2024 Election
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-08 · Posts · 1,030 words · PDF available
The center-left Labour Party won the general election held in the United Kingdom (UK) on July 4, 2024. With 34% of the vote, Labour won 411 seats in the 650-seat House of Commons (lower house of Parli...
Medicare Overview
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-08 · Resources · 1,499 words · PDF available
Medicare is a federal program that pays for covered health care services of qualified beneficiaries. It was established in 1965 under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act to provide health insurance...
The U.S. Sentencing Commission Seeks to Limit the Use of Acquitted Conduct in Federal Sentencing
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-05 · Posts · 2,766 words · PDF available
Consider a defendant who is a part of a group that robs a pharmacy. In a dispute about how to divide up the proceeds, one of the robbers kills another in the group. The defendant is charged both with ...
Presidential Immunity from Criminal Prosecution in Trump v. United States
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-05 · Posts · 3,033 words · PDF available
On July 1, the Supreme Court issued a divided 6-3 opinion in Trump v. United States addressing, for the first time, the existence and scope of a constitutionally based presidential immunity from crimi...
Election Policy Fundamentals: The Secret Ballot
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-05 · Posts · 1,073 words · PDF available
Provisions for a secret ballot appear in all states’ laws or constitutions. Consensus that the ballot should be secret—that voters should not be able to be linked to their selections—is a somewhat rec...
NATO’s July 2024 Washington, DC Summit: In Brief
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-05 · Reports · 6,520 words · PDF available
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) 2024 summit, marking the alliance’s 75th anniversary, is scheduled to be held in Washington, DC, July 9-11. In addition to highlighting NATO’s past achi...
Core Based Statistical Areas
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-03 · Resources · 1,092 words · PDF available
Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) is the collective term used to refer to metropolitan statistical areas and micropolitan statistical areas, which are delineated by the Office of Management and Bud...
Botswana
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-03 · Resources · 1,681 words · PDF available
Botswana, dubbed “an excellent democratic partner” by the State Department, generally performs well on governance, economic, and human development metrics. The arid, landlocked, and sparsely populated...
Why Is the Federal Reserve Keeping Interest Rates “High for Longer”?
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-03 · Posts · 1,008 words · PDF available
The Federal Reserve (Fed) responded to the post-pandemic spike in inflation by rapidly raising short-term interest rates between 2022 and 2023. Since July 2023, the Fed has maintained a target range o...
Erlinger v. United States: Supreme Court Rules on Jury Determination for Prior Offenses for ACCA Sentencing Purposes
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-02 · Posts · 821 words · PDF available
Introduction Near the end of its term, the Supreme Court in Erlinger v. United States held that the right to a jury trial, complete with proof beyond a reasonable doubt found by a unanimous panel, att...
Bills Affecting Bank Regulators in the 118th Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-02 · Posts · 1,008 words · PDF available
This insight discusses legislation that has been reported or ordered reported by the House Committee on Financial Services and the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs that would al...
The Twenty-Fifth Amendment: Sections 3 and 4—Presidential Disability
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-02 · Resources · 1,697 words · PDF available
The Twenty-Fifth Amendment, proposed by Congress in 1965 and ratified by the states in 1967, provides for presidential succession, vice presidential vacancies, and presidential disability. Presidentia...
United States v. Bannon: Criminal Contempt of Congress and Bad Faith
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-01 · Posts · 2,411 words · PDF available
On May 10, 2024, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (D.C. Circuit) decided United States v. Bannon, an appeal of Stephen Bannon’s conviction under the criminal contempt of Congress statute...
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 24–June 30, 2024), Part 1
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-01 · Posts · 2,140 words · PDF available
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to fede...
Economic Development Programs and Higher Education
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-01 · Resources · 1,501 words · PDF available
Higher education has long been viewed as a tool of economic advancement and security, particularly at the individual level. For example, the Federal Reserve found that in 2023, 87% of survey responden...
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 24–June 30, 2024), Part 2
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-01 · Posts · 3,335 words · PDF available
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to fede...
Considerations for Implementing Congressionally Directed Spending: How Federal Agencies Administer Earmarks
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-01 · Resources · 1,391 words · PDF available
The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328), and the community projects detailed in the joint explanatory statement, provided approximately $15.3 billion for community project funding (al...
Tribal Self-Determination Authorities
Congressional Research Service · 2024-07-01 · Infographics · 610 words · PDF available
/ 1 DOI, "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible to Receive Services from the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs," 89 Federal Register 944, January 8, 2024; 2 P.L. 93-638, §3; 3 P.L. 103-413, ...