Policy Library

7,020 documents

Veteran Suicide Prevention
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-28 · Resources · 1,287 words · PDF available
Background Suicide was the 13th leading cause of death in the United States among veterans in 2021, the most recent reporting year. Although suicide rates have increased among the U.S. general populat...
Campus Protests, Federal Funding, and the First Amendment
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-28 · Posts · 2,809 words · PDF available
Recent protests at college campuses regarding the Israel-Hamas conflict have gained nationwide attention, raising questions as to when authorities may, within the bounds of the First Amendment, take a...
Government Coercion of Private Speech: National Rifle Association (NRA) v. Vullo
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-28 · Posts · 2,819 words · PDF available
On May 30, 2024, the Supreme Court released its opinion in National Rifle Association (NRA) v. Vullo, a case addressing the First Amendment limitations on coercive government speech. Although the Firs...
Grizzly Bears and the Endangered Species Act
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-28 · Reports · 17,410 words · PDF available
Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) are an iconic species that once roamed large swaths of the United States, Canada, and Mexico. In the United States, grizzly bear populations declined in the 19t...
The Impact of Proposed Rescheduling of Marijuana on D.C. Regulatory Authority
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-28 · Posts · 1,694 words · PDF available
In 2014, voters in the District of Columbia (the “District”) approved Initiative 71, a ballot measure that, as a matter of local D.C. law, repealed the local prohibition on the recreational use of mar...
Supreme Court Overrules Chevron Framework
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-28 · Posts · 2,068 words · PDF available
In what has the potential to be one of the most consequential decisions in federal administrative law, the Supreme Court on June 28, 2024, overruled Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense C...
The Fair Housing Act (FHA): A Legal Overview
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-27 · Reports · 15,598 words · PDF available
The Fair Housing Act (FHA) was enacted “to provide, within constitutional limitations, for fair housing throughout the United States.” The original 1968 Act prohibited discrimination on the basis of “...
De Novo Banks: Policy Issues for the 118th Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-27 · Resources · 1,663 words · PDF available
While the size of the banking system has grown in terms of assets, the number of banks has steadily fallen over the past four decades. For example, in the 1980s, there were more than 18,000 banks. Tod...
Supreme Court Declines to Decide Whether Sixteenth Amendment Requires “Realization” to Tax Income
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-27 · Posts · 1,330 words · PDF available
On June 20, 2024, the Supreme Court decided Moore v. United States, an appeal challenging a one-time “Mandatory Repatriation Tax” (MRT) on U.S. shareholders of a foreign corporation for accumulated, b...
The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA): A Legal Overview
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-27 · Reports · 43,025 words · PDF available
Originally enacted in 1966, the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) establishes a three-part system that requires federal agencies to disclose a large swath of government information to the public. Firs...
Military Transition Assistance Program (TAP): Background and Issues for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-27 · Reports · 6,096 words · PDF available
The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) estimates that over 200,000 servicemembers (active and reserve component) transition from active duty to civilian life every year, joining a population of about 19...
Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2024
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-26 · Reports · 12,457 words · PDF available
The House and the Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing annual appropriations for the Department of ...
Medication Abortion Access Remains Unchanged as Supreme Court Rejects Legal Challenge on Standing Grounds
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-26 · Posts · 2,242 words · PDF available
On June 13, 2024, the Supreme Court issued its decision in the consolidated cases U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) v. Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine and Danco Laboratories L.L.C. v. Alliance...
United States Trustee v. John Q. Hammons Fall 2006, LLC: Congressional Intent in Determining Remedies for Violations of the Bankruptcy Clause Uniformity Requirement
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-26 · Posts · 1,285 words · PDF available
On June 14, 2024, the Supreme Court issued a 6-3 decision in United States Trustee v. John Q. Hammons Fall 2006, LLC that specified the appropriate remedy for individuals affected by the Court’s 2022 ...
Federal Material Witness Statute: A Legal Overview of 18 U.S.C. § 3144
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-26 · Reports · 6,967 words · PDF available
This is an overview of the law under the federal material witness statute, 18 U.S.C. § 3144, which authorizes the arrest of material witnesses, permits their release under essentially the same bail la...
The Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions: An Overview
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-25 · Resources · 1,397 words · PDF available
Congress frequently delegates rulemaking authority to federal agencies in legislation. Having an early sense of the rules agencies are planning to issue and when they are planning to issue them can he...
National Institutes of Health (NIH) Funding: FY1996-FY2025
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-25 · Reports · 8,025 words · PDF available
This report details the National Institutes of Health (NIH) budget and appropriations process with a focus on FY2024 and FY2025. NIH is the primary federal agency charged with conducting and supportin...
Postsecondary Education of Native Americans
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-25 · Resources · 1,385 words · PDF available
Since the nation’s early years, the United States of America has enacted federal policies intended to provide educational opportunities to Indian peoples. The federal government maintains and supports...
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 17–June 23, 2024)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-24 · Posts · 3,638 words · PDF available
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to fede...
International Health Regulations Amendments
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-24 · Resources · 1,732 words · PDF available
Background Since 1980, outbreaks of new and long-standing infectious diseases have been occurring with increasing frequency and intensity. In response, the World Health Assembly (WHA), the governing b...
D.C. Circuit Limits FOIA’s Consultant Corollary for Members and Staff
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-24 · Posts · 2,983 words · PDF available
Members of Congress and the executive branch frequently engage in discussions about pending legislative proposals. The frankness of those conversations may depend on the likelihood that the content of...
Defense Primer: Agile Combat Employment (ACE) Concept
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-24 · Resources · 1,434 words · PDF available
To inform and shape its planning, the U.S. Air Force (USAF) has developed an operational concept known as Agile Combat Employment (ACE). According to the Air Force, ACE is a “proactive and reactive op...
Department of Defense Contractors and Efforts to Mitigate Foreign Influence
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-24 · Reports · 4,817 words · PDF available
Some U.S. firms, including some Department of Defense (DOD) contractors, receive foreign investment or have other ties to foreign entities, including foreign firms and foreign governments. Some DOD co...
Second Amendment Permits Temporarily Disarming Persons Subject to Domestic Violence Restraining Orders
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-21 · Posts · 2,347 words · PDF available
In 2023, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit issued an opinion holding 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(8)—which generally prohibits persons subject to certain domestic violence restraining orders from ...
Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-21 · Resources · 1,176 words · PDF available
The Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science conducts most of the department’s basic research, in fields ranging from nuclear physics to the biological and environmental sciences, and oversees 10 ...
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Overpayments Due to Earnings
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-21 · Resources · 1,477 words · PDF available
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) SSI is a means-tested federal assistance program that provides monthly cash payments to older adults and individuals with qualifying disabilities who have income and...
U.S.-Ukraine Bilateral Security Agreement
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-21 · Posts · 956 words · PDF available
On June 13, 2024, President Biden and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky signed a 10-year bilateral security agreement during the G7 summit. (Ukraine has signed bilateral security agreements with ...
Strengthening America’s defense industrial base
Brookings Institution · 2024-06-20 · Article · 2,874 words · PDF available
A laissez-faire attitude on the part of the U.S. government toward America’s defense industrial base is no longer enough.
What Time Is It for the ACCA?: Supreme Court Clarifies When State Drug Offenses Qualify as “Serious Drug Offenses”
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-20 · Posts · 1,179 words · PDF available
The Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) imposes a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment when a person convicted of unlawfully possessing a firearm has three or more prior violent felony or serious drug ...
The Biden Administration’s Proclamation and Rule, Securing the Border, and DHS Operational Constraints
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-20 · Posts · 1,023 words · PDF available
Citing record high levels of enforcement encounters at the Southwest land border (SWB), President Biden signed a Presidential Proclamation on June 3, 2024, that suspends and limits the entry of certai...
Stafford Act Declarations for Extreme Heat
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-20 · Posts · 1,022 words · PDF available
The United States has experienced record-setting high temperatures thus far in 2024, continuing a trend observed in 2023—the hottest year on record, according to the National Aeronautics and Space Adm...
The Supreme Court Invalidates the ATF’s Bump-Stock Ban
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-20 · Posts · 2,735 words · PDF available
Congressional interest in “bump-stock” devices—accessories that allow semiautomatic rifles effectively to mimic the firing capabilities of a fully automatic weapon—grew after authorities discovered th...
Did the EU voting provide any clues for the coming US election?
Brookings Institution · 2024-06-18 · Article · 1,521 words
The mixed results of the recent EU parliamentary elections offer ambiguous but still significant lessons for both Democrats and Republicans.
The Department of Labor’s 2024 Final Rule on Investment Advice in Private Sector Pension Plans and Individual Retirement Accounts
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-18 · Reports · 14,327 words · PDF available
On April 25, 2024, the Department of Labor (DOL) issued a final regulation to redefine investment advice within private sector pension and retirement plans, which replaced regulations issued in 1975 (...
Work and Social Security Disability Benefits: Addressing Challenges and Creating Opportunities
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-18 · Testimony · 6,881 words · PDF available
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Proposal to Create a U.S. Army Drone Corps
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-18 · Posts · 989 words · PDF available
Introduction A provision of the House-passed H.R. 8070, the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, would establish the “Drone Corps” as ...
PACs and Super PACs in Federal Election Campaigns: Legal Framework
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-17 · Resources · 1,554 words · PDF available
Political action committees (PACs) and super PACs play significant roles in federal election campaigns by raising and spending money to influence elections. While PACs have been a part of the campaign...
National Level Exercises: History, Authorities, and Congressional Considerations
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-17 · Resources · 1,636 words · PDF available
Every two years, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) conducts a National Level Exercise (NLE) to evaluate the nation’s progress toward preparedness for catastrophic events. These exercises ...
SBA Disaster Loan Limits: Policy Options and Considerations
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-17 · Reports · 7,057 words · PDF available
The Small Business Administration (SBA) Disaster Loan Program provides disaster loans to eligible households and businesses to help them rebuild and recover after a disaster. SBA disaster loans includ...
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 10–June 16, 2024)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-17 · Posts · 3,663 words · PDF available
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to fede...
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Public Accommodations in Web Services
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-17 · Reports · 11,411 words · PDF available
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires businesses open to the public to accommodate people with disabilities. To comply, businesses must work to remove physical barriers and modify policie...
Hemp Provisions in the House Farm Bill and FY2025 Agriculture Appropriations Bill
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-17 · Posts · 1,061 words · PDF available
Recent action by the House Agriculture Committee on the next farm bill (Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024; H.R. 8467, as amended) and the House Agriculture Appropriations Subcommittee on t...
Selected Tribal Lands in 118th Congressional Districts
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-17 · Reports · 14,230 words · PDF available
The United States has a federal trust responsibility to 574 federally recognized Tribes (“Tribes”), which includes a responsibility to manage certain tribal lands and assets. The federal trust respons...
Project Safe Childhood and the National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-14 · Resources · 1,607 words · PDF available
Countering child sexual exploitation is a perennial issue for policymakers, law enforcement, and the public. Project Safe Childhood (PSC) is the Department of Justice’s (DOJ’s) nationwide initiative t...
Modernization of the Community Reinvestment Act
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-14 · Reports · 17,301 words · PDF available
The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA: P.L. 95-128, 12 U.S.C. §§2901-2908) addresses how banking institutions meet the credit needs of the areas they serve, particularly in low- and moderate-income (LMI...
Automobiles, Air Pollution, and Climate Change
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-14 · Resources · 1,823 words · PDF available
On August 5, 2021, President Biden signed Executive Order 14037, “Strengthening American Leadership in Clean Cars and Trucks” (86 FR 43583). The order required, among other items, executive agencies t...
Recovering Funds from Parties Liable: Stafford Act Authorities
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-14 · Resources · 1,718 words · PDF available
Introduction The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (the Stafford Act; P.L. 93-288, as amended, 42 U.S.C. §§5121 et seq.) authorizes the President to provide federal respo...
Medicaid Coverage for Former Foster Youth Up to Age 26
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-14 · Resources · 1,670 words · PDF available
Children are removed from families and placed into foster care due to incidents of abuse, neglect, or other family crisis. During FY2022, nearly 570,000 children spent at least a day in foster care. O...
'Privatization' of non-inherently governmental functions: Why public-private partnerships are so effective—and so rare—in the federal government
Brookings Institution · 2024-06-13 · Article · 8,116 words · PDF available
Public policy expert Dorothy Robyn explains how the MHPI provides an effective model for addressing the DoD’s barracks crisis.
Foreign Ownership, Control, and Influence (FOCI) Risks in the Food and Agriculture Sector
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-13 · Reports · 10,716 words · PDF available
In recent years, congressional concerns over potential risks to domestic food security posed by foreign ownership, control, and influence (FOCI) of critical infrastructure in the U.S. food and agricul...