Policy Library

7,020 documents

Voluntary Carbon Credit Markets and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-13 · Reports · 8,641 words · PDF available
A carbon market generally refers to an economic framework that supports the buying and selling of carbon “credits” or “offsets” representing a measurable reduction, avoidance, or sequestration of gree...
Mountain Valley Pipeline: Past the Finish Line
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-13 · Posts · 1,020 words · PDF available
The Mountain Valley Pipeline (MVP) is a 303-mile natural gas transmission pipeline linking natural gas fields in West Virginia to the Transco pipeline in Virginia (Figure 1). Initially proposed in 201...
Banking Legislation in the 118th Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-13 · Posts · 1,051 words · PDF available
This Insight outlines the banking and credit union bills that have seen committee or floor action in the 118th Congress and provides links to other CRS resources. It does not cover bills that indirect...
The demise of the Commission on Presidential Debates
Brookings Institution · 2024-06-12 · Article · 1,168 words
Without the Commission on Presidential Debates, debates may no longer be a regular, institutionalized feature of U.S. elections.
The Biden Administration’s June 2024 Proclamation and Rule, Securing the Border
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-12 · Posts · 3,250 words · PDF available
On June 3, 2024, President Biden—pursuant to statutory authorities under 8 U.S.C. § 1182(f), 8 U.S.C. § 1185(a), and 3 U.S.C. § 301—signed a proclamation, “Securing the Border” (Proclamation), that te...
Connecting Constituents with Federal Programs for Public Parks
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-12 · Resources · 1,024 words · PDF available
Congress has established programs to assist constituents—including individuals, organizations, tribes, and local governments—with projects to establish or upgrade public parks and related outdoor recr...
Understanding the Content of an Appropriations Bill
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-12 · Infographics · 632 words · PDF available
/ Understanding the Content of an Appropriations Bill This infographic provides information on the legislative components commonly included in annual appropriations acts. For further information on a...
Natural Disasters and the Homeowners Insurance Market
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-12 · Posts · 1,029 words · PDF available
Insurance consumers in parts of the United States have been experiencing higher prices and gaps in coverage, with households often struggling to find and afford homeowners insurance that sufficiently ...
Federal-Tribal Consultation: Background and Issues for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-12 · Reports · 18,685 words · PDF available
In recent decades, congressional interest in federal-tribal consultation on federal actions has grown, especially as some federally recognized Tribes (“Tribes”) and other Indigenous entities have soug...
We should focus on rising wages, not just inflated prices
Brookings Institution · 2024-06-11 · Article · 31,942 words · PDF available
Post-COVID-19 wage gains have not been getting the same coverage as inflation woes, resulting in an inaccurate assessment of the economy.
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (June 3–June 9, 2024)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-11 · Posts · 2,279 words · PDF available
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to fede...
Can Tax Policy Increase Saving?
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-11 · Reports · 13,791 words · PDF available
National saving consists of (1) business saving by corporations; (2) personal saving by individuals; (3) saving (or more often dissaving) by the federal government; and (4) saving by state and local g...
Analysis of the Adult Activities Allotment Formula under the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-11 · Reports · 29,806 words · PDF available
The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act of 2014 (WIOA; P.L. 113-128) is the primary federal workforce development statute. Congress has considered bills in the 117th and 118th Congresses that wou...
Contributions to Defined Contribution Retirement Plans
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-11 · Reports · 15,721 words · PDF available
Defined contribution (DC) retirement plans are a common employee benefit in the United States, with 63% of all American workers having access to such plans in 2023. These plans may be offered by both ...
Timing of the President’s Budget Submission to Congress: FY2010-FY2025
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-11 · Infographics · 588 words · PDF available
/ Timing of the President’s Budget Submission to Congress: FY2010-FY2025 The President's budget is a statement of the President's policy priorities and a unified plan for the allocation of federal bud...
Elections and Campaign Finance Policy: A CRS Podcast Series
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-11 · Posts · 396 words · PDF available
The CRS podcast series on elections and campaign finance policy features CRS analysts discussing their areas of expertise. Each episode serves as an introductory briefing that interested listeners can...
India’s 2024 National Election
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-10 · Resources · 1,715 words · PDF available
Overview and Results The United States has been developing a strategic partnership with the Republic of India for two decades, and the U.S. Congress has broadly supported that engagement. Reflecting a...
Forest Service: FY2024 Appropriations
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-10 · Resources · 1,177 words · PDF available
The Forest Service (FS) is responsible for managing 193 million acres of land in the National Forest System (NFS), conducting forestry research, and providing assistance to state, local, private, and ...
Funding for Wildfire Management: FY2024 Appropriations for the Forest Service and Department of the Interior
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-10 · Resources · 1,333 words · PDF available
The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Forest Service (FS) and the Department of the Interior (DOI) are responsible for wildfire response and management across federal lands within their respective juri...
Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2024 Appropriations
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-10 · Reports · 7,280 words · PDF available
Petroleum-Equivalent Fuel Economy of Electric Vehicles: In Brief
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-10 · Reports · 4,249 words · PDF available
In March 2024, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) published a final rule (“Petroleum-Equivalent Fuel Economy Calculation,” 89 Federal Register 22041, March 29, 2024) to revise its regulations for cal...
Suspending the Tax-Exempt Status of Terrorist and Terrorist Supporting Organizations: H.R. 6408 in Context
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-07 · Posts · 1,371 words · PDF available
H.R. 6408 would establish a process for suspending the tax-exempt status of organizations if the Secretary of the Treasury designates them as “terrorist supporting organizations.” The suspended organi...
Department of Energy’s Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence (OICI)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-07 · Resources · 1,415 words · PDF available
Background The Department of Energy’s Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence (OICI) can trace its origins to the Second World War, when the U.S. government sought to collect intelligence on Ge...
Appropriations Duration of Availability: One-Year, Multi-Year, and No-Year Funds
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-07 · Reports · 5,160 words · PDF available
Controlling the duration for which funds are available to agencies is one of the ways Congress exercises its power of the purse and represents a key set of decisions made during the appropriations pro...
Columbia River System Operations and the Future of the Lower Snake River Dams
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-07 · Reports · 25,338 words · PDF available
Congress has repeatedly engaged in debates on how to operate and allocate resources from federal projects—such as multipurpose federal dams—to serve various human needs while protecting or conserving ...
Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS): Frequently Asked Questions
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-07 · Reports · 4,199 words · PDF available
This report is divided into an introduction and four discussion sections, each of which addresses a set of questions related to one of four key topics for EGS. Importance The first set of questions ex...
Political Status of Puerto Rico: Brief Background and Recent Developments for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-06 · Reports · 9,392 words · PDF available
Puerto Rico lies approximately 1,000 miles southeast of Miami and 1,500 miles from Washington, DC. Despite being far outside the continental United States, the island has played a significant role in ...
Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business Contracting Program Changes
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-06 · Posts · 983 words · PDF available
Annual Contracting Goal Increase The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2024 (P.L. 118-31), enacted December 22, 2023, increased the federal government’s annual goal for contrac...
Mexico’s 2024 Elections
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-06 · Posts · 1,025 words · PDF available
On June 2, 2024, Mexico, a top U.S. trade and strategic partner, convened elections for federal, state, and local offices, including the presidency, both chambers of congress, and nine governorships. ...
The Minority Business Development Agency: An Overview of Its History and Programs
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-06 · Reports · 18,452 words · PDF available
The Department of Commerce’s Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) is the lead federal agency dedicated to assisting minority business enterprises (MBEs) in overcoming social and economic disadv...
Federal Contracting by Veteran-Owned Small Businesses: An Overview and Analysis of Contemporary Issues
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-06 · Reports · 9,791 words · PDF available
Since the passage of P.L. 93-237 in 1974, which instructed the Small Business Administration (SBA) to give “special consideration to veterans of the Armed Forces of the United States and their survivo...
Section 1071: Small Business Lending Data Collection and Reporting
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-06 · Reports · 13,335 words · PDF available
Small businesses are owned by and employ a wide variety of entrepreneurs—skilled trade technicians, farmers, medical professionals, financial consultants, technology innovators, and restauranteurs, am...
Statehood Process and Political Status of U.S. Territories: Brief Policy Background
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-06 · Resources · 1,438 words · PDF available
Proposals to admit new states to the union are as old as the republic. A larger United States was contemplated at least as early as 1787, with enactment of the Northwest Ordinance, which addressed ter...
Defense Primer: Department of Defense Contractors
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-06 · Resources · 1,466 words · PDF available
Throughout its history, the Department of Defense (DOD) has relied on contractors to support a wide range of military operations. Within the defense policy community, the term contractor is commonly u...
U.S.-Mexico Trade Relations
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-06 · Resources · 1,515 words · PDF available
The 118th Congress is engaged in a range of legislative and oversight activities related to trade policy toward Mexico, which in 2023 became the largest U.S. trade partner. Mexico is also of interest ...
Education Department Finalizes New Title IX Regulations: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-05 · Posts · 2,365 words · PDF available
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX) prohibits sex discrimination in education programs that receive federal financial assistance. In updated regulations, the Department of Educatio...
The U.S.-Mexico Genetically Engineered Corn Dispute
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-05 · Reports · 8,142 words · PDF available
In August 2023, the United States requested a dispute settlement panel under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) concerning Mexico’s February 2023 presidential decree banning genetically...
Electoral College Overview
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-05 · Resources · 1,499 words · PDF available
When Americans vote for President in the general election, they select electors who will choose the nation’s chief executive. Voters thus play an important role in electing the President, but a second...
U.S. Intelligence Community Establishment Provisions
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-05 · Resources · 1,367 words · PDF available
The concept of a unified U.S. Intelligence Community (IC) consisting of integrated component departments and agencies began to take shape after World War II, in part through the establishment of the C...
The Women-Owned Small Business Contract Program: Legislative and Program History
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-05 · Reports · 9,624 words · PDF available
The Small Business Administration’s (SBA’s) Women-Owned Small Business (WOSB) Federal Contract program is designed to provide greater access to federal contracting opportunities for WOSBs and economic...
The Board of Veterans’ Appeals: A Brief Introduction
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-04 · Resources · 1,838 words · PDF available
The Board of Veterans’ Appeals (BVA or Board) hears appeals of claimants dissatisfied with the initial decision on a claim for benefits or reimbursement filed with the Department of Veterans Affairs (...
Livestock Forage Disaster Program (LFP): Drought and Wildfire Assistance
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-04 · Reports · 6,746 words · PDF available
Many producers raising livestock, such as beef or dairy cattle, depend on forage for grazing. Forage types include native and improved grasses, mixed forage, forage sorghum, and small grains (e.g., ba...
Regional Economic Performance Since the Pandemic
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-04 · Posts · 1,012 words · PDF available
The current economic expansion has been characterized by above-average employment growth, historically low unemployment, and economic growth comparable to the previous two expansions (but slower than ...
The Social Security Trust Funds in 2024 and Beyond
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-04 · Testimony · 5,954 words · PDF available
Social Security, Income Security, Social Insurance, Retirement, Retirement Security, OASI, OASDI, Trust Funds
Military Retirement: Background and Recent Developments
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-03 · Reports · 12,958 words · PDF available
The military retirement system is a government-funded, noncontributory, defined benefit system that has historically been viewed as a significant incentive in retaining a career military force. The sy...
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (May 28–June 2, 2024)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-03 · Posts · 1,354 words · PDF available
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to fede...
Veterans’ Educational Assistance Programs and Benefits: A Primer
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-03 · Reports · 22,682 words · PDF available
The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), previously named the Veterans Administration, has been providing veterans educational assistance benefits through the GI Bills and other programs since 19...
Land Disposal Authorities and Processes of the Bureau of Land Management
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-03 · Reports · 13,640 words · PDF available
Congress has provided various statutory authorities to the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), within the Department of the Interior, to dispose of federal lands through conveyance to another party. One ...
Sources of Federal Funding for Health Care Facilities: Frequently Asked Questions
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-03 · Reports · 7,557 words · PDF available
Health facilities, including hospitals, may face a number of financial challenges. In recent years, some hospitals have reported that financial issues have contributed to closures or reductions in ser...
Executive Order 14035 Implementation: Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility (DEIA) in the Federal Workforce
Congressional Research Service · 2024-06-03 · Reports · 7,680 words · PDF available
On June 25, 2021, President Joe Biden issued Executive Order (E.O.) 14035 on “Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility [DEIA] in the Federal Workforce,” which mandates that the federal governme...