Policy Library

7,020 documents

What's in Biden's $850-billion defense budget proposal?
Brookings Institution · 2024-03-15 · Article · 86,632 words · PDF available
By any measure an $850-billion defense budget is an enormous amount of money that will surely raise many eyebrows. What is the money for?
Overview of Federal Criminal Laws Prohibiting Interference with Voting
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-15 · Posts · 2,504 words · PDF available
The 2024 U.S. presidential and congressional elections are scheduled to take place on November 5, 2024, with early in-person voting in some states beginning in September. Recent developments such as t...
Dam Removal: The Federal Role
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-15 · Reports · 21,163 words · PDF available
Dam owners and other stakeholders sometimes consider dam removal as a policy option to address dam safety, ecosystem restoration, or other concerns. For example, dams often affect ecosystem processes ...
U.S.-Latin America Trade and Investment
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-15 · Resources · 1,649 words · PDF available
The 118th Congress is engaged in a range of legislative and oversight activities related to trade policy toward the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region, which is among the United States’ most imp...
U.S. Shale Gas & Federal Lands
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-15 · Infographics · 456 words · PDF available
/ U.S. Shale Gas & Federal Lands The United States has been the largest producer of natural gas since the advent of shale gas in the mid-2000s. Most of the rise in production has been on private land...
Stafford Act Assistance for Public Health Incidents
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-15 · Posts · 1,027 words · PDF available
This Insight provides an overview and examples of presidential declarations under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (hereinafter the Stafford Act—42 U.S.C. §5121 et s...
Restricting TikTok (Part II): Legislative Proposals and Considerations for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-15 · Posts · 3,900 words · PDF available
This Legal Sidebar is the second installment in a two-part series on U.S. efforts to regulate the video-sharing application (app) TikTok. The first installment provided legal background on executive b...
Federal Aviation Administration Reauthorization: Legislative Action in the 118th Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-14 · Resources · 1,472 words · PDF available
The most recent multiyear Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) reauthorization, the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-254), was enacted in October 2018. Its key civil aviation authorizations,...
U.S. Energy Supply and Use: Background and Policy Primer
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-14 · Reports · 22,593 words · PDF available
Since the start of the 21st century, the U.S. energy system has changed tremendously. Technological advances in energy production and use have driven changes in energy consumption, and the United Stat...
A simple idea that might help a fiscal commission succeed
Brookings Institution · 2024-03-13 · Article · 853 words
Policymakers and the media have recently paid increased attention to the government’s long-term budget shortfall. Abill in the House of Representativeswould create a new congressional fiscal commissio...
AT&T Network Outage: Impact on Public Safety Services
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-13 · Resources · 1,806 words · PDF available
In the “early hours” of February 22, 2024, AT&T’s wireless network suffered an outage, affecting communications nationwide. AT&T has not provided a definitive time that the outage started. It disrupte...
Federal Business Disaster Assistance
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-13 · Infographics · 601 words · PDF available
/ Federal Business Disaster Assistance Following natural disasters and other emergencies, businesses often face damage to property, inventory, and other assets. A wide-range of federal programs help ...
Olympic Commemorative Coins: Background and Considerations for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-13 · Resources · 1,035 words · PDF available
The U.S. Mint produces commemorative coins pursuant to a specific act of Congress. These coins celebrate and honor American people, places, events, and institutions. Although they are considered legal...
Agriculture and Related Agencies: FY2024 Appropriations
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-13 · Posts · 1,220 words · PDF available
Status of Agriculture Appropriations Agriculture appropriations—formally known as the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act—funds the U....
John H. Chafee Foster Care Program for Successful Transition to Adulthood
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-13 · Resources · 1,863 words · PDF available
Children are removed from families and placed into foster care due to incidents of abuse, neglect, or other family crisis. In FY2021, about 147,000 young people ages 14 or older spent at least one day...
Small Business Administration Reauthorization: Issues for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-12 · Reports · 11,028 words · PDF available
In recent years the idea of reauthorizing the Small Business Administration (SBA) has gained increased attention, both from some Members of Congress as well as outside groups. Congress has not passed ...
Indian Elementary-Secondary Education: Programs, Background, and Issues
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-12 · Reports · 21,991 words · PDF available
The federal government provides elementary and secondary education and educational assistance to Indian children, either directly through federally funded schools or indirectly through educational ass...
Mission Critical: Restoring National Security as the Focus of Defense Production Act Reauthorization
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-12 · Testimony · 6,985 words · PDF available
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Big Tech’s AI Power Grab
Heritage Foundation · 2024-03-11 · Commentary · 1,147 words
COMMENTARY BYJake DentonFormer Research Associate, Tech Policy CenterJake was a Research Associate in the Tech Policy Center at The Heritage Foundation.As these tech giants amass unprecedented contro...
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (March 4–March 10, 2024)
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to fede...
Overview of the Utilizing Space Efficiently and Improving Technologies Act of 2023 (H.R. 6276)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-11 · Posts · 735 words · PDF available
The Utilizing Space Efficiently and Improving Technologies Act (H.R. 6276) was reported, with amendments, by the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure on February 13, 2024. The bill wou...
General and Flag Officers in the U.S. Armed Forces: Background and Considerations for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-08 · Reports · 8,014 words · PDF available
In the exercise of its constitutional authority over the Armed Forces, Congress has enacted an array of laws that govern important aspects of military officer personnel management, including appointme...
How does national confidence inform US-China relations?
Brookings Institution · 2024-03-07 · Article · 12,410 words · PDF available
When the U.S. and China feel secure and optimistic about their futures, the relationship generally functions most productively.
Social Security: The Government Pension Offset (GPO)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-07 · Reports · 8,367 words
Social Security spousal benefits were established in the 1930s to help support wives who are financially dependent on their husbands. It has since become more common for both spouses in a couple to wo...
Slower Population Growth, Economic Growth, and U.S. Fiscal Prospects
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-07 · Posts · 1,069 words · PDF available
In November 2023, the U.S. Census Bureau released its first post-pandemic U.S. population projections. Newly projected population growth is slower than in earlier projections (Figure 1). Although the ...
Complete Streets: A Primer
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-07 · Reports · 3,971 words · PDF available
Complete streets is a multimodal approach to roadway design and safety that considers all users of transportation infrastructure. A street is considered complete if it facilitates the safe movement of...
Is the economic news becoming more negative, and does it matter for consumers?
Brookings Institution · 2024-03-06 · Article · 929 words
There is an apparent disconnect between Americans' perceptions of the economy and the actual state of the economy.
USMCA review: Upcoming elections and a path forward
Brookings Institution · 2024-03-06 · Article · 2,882 words
Joshua P. Meltzer and Steve Verheul consider how upcoming elections will play into the 2026 review of the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement.
The New Cold War: China Takes on Europe
Heritage Foundation · 2024-03-05 · Commentary · 929 words
Nearly one dozen European countries have banned or severely limited the operations of Chinese telecommunications companies, like Huawei.Cesc Maymo / Getty ImagesKey TakeawaysFor decades, China fooled ...
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (February 26–March 3, 2024)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-05 · Posts · 1,939 words · PDF available
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to fede...
Measuring Wages in the Agricultural Sector for the H-2A Visa Program
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-05 · Reports · 10,914 words · PDF available
The H-2A visa program allows for the temporary admission of foreign workers to the United States to perform agricultural labor or services of a seasonal or temporary nature. Before foreign workers can...
U.S. Indo-Pacific Command (INDOPACOM)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-05 · Resources · 1,327 words · PDF available
Overview U.S. Indo-Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM or INDOPACOM) is one of six Department of Defense (DOD) geographic unified combatant commands. The commander of INDOPACOM exercises authority over milit...
The Orphan Drug Act: Legal Overview and Policy Considerations
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-05 · Resources · 1,662 words · PDF available
Just under half of all Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug approvals between 2017 and 2021 were for orphan drugs, which are drugs used to treat rare diseases or conditions. Historically, orphan dr...
The Federal Employee Paid Parental Leave Benefit
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-05 · Resources · 1,745 words · PDF available
This In Focus provides an overview of the federal employee paid parental leave benefit created by the Federal Employee Paid Leave Act (FEPLA), Title LXXVI, Subtitle A of the National Defense Authoriza...
Immigration policy could determine the next president of the United States
Brookings Institution · 2024-03-04 · Article · 9,029 words · PDF available
If Trump reverts back to the inflammatory language he used to push for his immigration policies in 2016, it could bode well for Democrats.
Foreign Ownership of U.S. Real Property: Developments in Shen v. Simpson
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-04 · Posts · 931 words · PDF available
As described in this CRS Legal Sidebar, lawmakers have considered and promoted various legislative options to restrict ownership of land by certain foreign entities. One such law, Florida’s SB 264, es...
Presidential Immunity, Criminal Liability, and the Impeachment Judgment Clause
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-04 · Posts · 3,290 words · PDF available
The President of the United States “occupies a unique position” in the American constitutional system as the head of the executive branch of government “entrusted with supervisory and policy responsib...
Smith v. Spizzirri: Supreme Court to Consider Whether Federal Courts May Dismiss a Lawsuit Subject to Arbitration
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-04 · Posts · 1,168 words · PDF available
In Smith v. Spizzirri, the Supreme Court will consider whether Section 3 of the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) permits federal trial courts to dismiss a lawsuit, rather than stay the case, when all of ...
DHS Border Barrier Funding Through FY2021
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-04 · Reports · 10,013 words · PDF available
The purpose of barriers on the U.S.-Mexico border has evolved over time. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, fencing at the border was more for demarcation and containment of livestock than for...
K-12 Teacher Recruitment and Retention Policies in the Higher Education Act: In Brief
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-04 · Reports · 4,706 words · PDF available
The K-12 teacher workforce is relatively large—each year, about 4 million teachers are employed in U.S. elementary and secondary schools. Turnover in many of these schools is high relative to earlier ...
The Undetectable Firearms Act: Issues for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-04 · Posts · 953 words · PDF available
In the 1980s, the production of guns made with polymer (industrial plastic) stoked concerns that firearms were becoming undetectable by metal detectors in places like airports and federal buildings. I...
Prabowo Subianto’s Apparent Election in Indonesia: Considerations for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-04 · Posts · 1,028 words · PDF available
On February 14, 2024, Indonesians voted in presidential, parliamentary, and local elections—the world’s largest one-day democratic exercise. Early results suggest Defense Minister Prabowo Subianto, ex...
Changes to the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) Program
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-01 · Reports · 8,737 words · PDF available
Since 1996, the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) has been the primary federal financial assistance program for municipal water infrastructure. Congress has amended the DWSRF several times, ...
The Tax Credit Exception for Leased Electric Vehicles
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-01 · Resources · 1,549 words · PDF available
The Inflation Reduction Act (P.L. 117-169) created or modified three tax credits for purchases of electric vehicles (EVs): the clean vehicle credit (CVC), the used clean vehicle credit (UCVC), and the...
The Inflation Reduction Act: Financial Incentives for Residential Energy Efficiency and Electrification Projects
Congressional Research Service · 2024-03-01 · Resources · 1,627 words · PDF available
Introduction P.L. 117-169, commonly known as the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA), includes a number of provisions affecting energy use in the buildings sector. The IRA appropriates $9 billion fo...
Fixing the border: Four reasons the immigration crisis isn’t going away
Brookings Institution · 2024-02-29 · Article · 73,052 words · PDF available
Brookings Senior Fellow Elaine Kamarck breaks down the border crisis and lists potential solutions.
ESEA: Charter Schools Program
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-29 · Resources · 1,587 words · PDF available
Charter schools are public schools of choice that are created in accordance with state laws and are publicly funded and tuition-free. They are operated according to the terms of charters or contracts ...
Can the President “Close the Border”? Relevant Laws and Considerations
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-29 · Posts · 3,017 words · PDF available
The ongoing debate between some Members of Congress and the President over how to respond to the record number of alien encounters at the southern border has recently intensified. One disagreement cen...
SEC’s First “Shadow Trading” Case Slated for Trial
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-28 · Posts · 1,992 words · PDF available
Corporate insiders commit securities fraud when they trade their firms’ shares on the basis of material nonpublic information (MNPI). A pending Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) enforcement act...
Social Security: The Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) and the Government Pension Offset (GPO)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-28 · Resources · 1,805 words · PDF available
Background Social Security is a work-related, federal insurance program that provides monthly cash benefits to workers and their eligible family members in the event of the worker’s retirement, disabi...