Policy Library

7,020 documents

FY2023 Immigration Court Data: Case Outcomes
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-07 · Posts · 1,046 words · PDF available
U.S. immigration courts within the Department of Justice’s Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) adjudicate removal cases involving foreign nationals whom the Department of Homeland Security ...
Federal Reserve: Policy Issues in the 118th Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-06 · Reports · 27,260 words · PDF available
The responsibilities of the Federal Reserve (Fed) fall into four main categories: monetary policy, regulation of certain banks and other financial firms, provision and oversight of certain payment sys...
Family-to-Family Health Information Centers: Current Status and Policy Considerations
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-06 · Posts · 1,055 words · PDF available
Family-to-Family Health Information Centers (F2F HIC) receive mandatory appropriations to provide information, education, technical assistance, and peer support to families of children and youth with ...
Veterans Service Organizations (VSOs): Frequently Asked Questions
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-06 · Reports · 1,947 words · PDF available
Veterans Service Organizations (VSOs) offer a range of services for veterans, servicemembers, dependents, and survivors. Some VSOs may provide programming for veterans in their communities, such as jo...
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (January 29–February 4, 2024)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-05 · Posts · 1,410 words · PDF available
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to fede...
Gun Control: Juvenile Record Checks for 18- to 21-Year-Olds
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-05 · Resources · 1,708 words · PDF available
On June 25, 2022, President Biden signed into law the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (BSCA; P.L. 117-159), which includes several firearms-related sections. Section 12001 addresses juvenile access t...
National Infrastructure Bank: Proposals in the 118th Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-05 · Resources · 1,062 words · PDF available
Introduction The term infrastructure generally refers to long-lived, capital-intensive systems and facilities in the areas of transportation, energy, water, and telecommunications. Some broader defini...
Statutory Federal Gun Registry Prohibitions and ATF Record Retention Requirements
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-05 · Resources · 1,717 words · PDF available
On April 11, 2022, the Attorney General signed a Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) final rule, Final Rule 2021R-05F, that includes a provision requiring gun dealers to retain t...
U.S. Periods of War and Dates of Recent Conflicts
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-05 · Reports · 7,177 words · PDF available
Many wars or conflicts in U.S. history have federally designated “periods of war,” dates marking their beginning and ending. These dates are important for qualification for certain veterans’ pension o...
Section 230: A Brief Overview
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-02 · Resources · 1,706 words · PDF available
Section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934, 47 U.S.C. § 230, provides limited immunity from legal liability to providers and users of “interactive computer services.” Under Section 230(c)(1), those...
CFPB Consumer Complaints: U.S. and Congressional District Data
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-02 · Posts · 940 words · PDF available
Consumers having trouble with a consumer financial product or service—such as with a mortgage, student loan, credit card, payday loan, bank account, credit reporting, or debt collection—can submit com...
War Crimes: A Primer
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-02 · Posts · 2,512 words · PDF available
The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas conflict have given rise to numerous accusations of war crimes. This Legal Sidebar addresses the sources and content of the law of war, also known ...
Medicare Graduate Medical Education, 2024
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-01 · Resources · 1,453 words · PDF available
Medicare makes a significant investment in medical residency training (or graduate medical education, GME). It paid an estimated $17.8 billion in FY2021, primarily to hospitals. The Government Account...
Haiti: Recent Developments and U.S. Policy
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-01 · Reports · 11,715 words · PDF available
Haiti, located on the island of Hispaniola bordering the Dominican Republic, remains mired in interrelated political, security, and humanitarian crises. Haiti lacks an elected president and legislatur...
Parliamentary Elections in Bangladesh: Overview and Issues for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-02-01 · Posts · 1,010 words · PDF available
Overview Bangladesh, a Muslim-majority South Asian country of 167 million, held parliamentary elections on January 7, 2024, amid concerns about democratic backsliding and political violence. Incumbent...
Supplemental Security Income During and After Incarceration
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-31 · Resources · 1,633 words · PDF available
Background Certain people who are incarcerated are not eligible for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) payments but may be able to receive them once released. There is congressional interest in ensuri...
International Tax Proposals Addressing Profit Shifting: Pillars 1 and 2
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-31 · Resources · 1,864 words · PDF available
On June 5, 2021, finance ministers of the Group of 7 (G7) countries, including the United States, agreed in a communiqué to two proposals addressing global profit shifting. They agreed to Pillar 1, al...
The impact of generative AI in a global election year
Brookings Institution · 2024-01-30 · Article · 5,809 words · PDF available
If not better regulated, generative AI may disrupt contested information spaces and undermine democratic processes around the world in 2024.
The Role of Patents and Regulatory Exclusivities in Drug Pricing
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-30 · Reports · 36,874 words · PDF available
Intellectual property (IP) rights play an important role in the development and pricing of prescription drugs and biologics. To encourage innovation, IP law grants inventors exclusive rights in a part...
Governing the District of Columbia: Overview and Timeline
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-29 · Resources · 1,549 words · PDF available
The U.S. Constitution provides for the creation of a district to serve as the permanent seat of the federal government. Article I, Section 8, clause 17 also grants Congress plenary legislative authori...
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (January 22–January 28, 2024)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-29 · Posts · 2,091 words · PDF available
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to fede...
El Salvador: Background and U.S. Relations
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-29 · Reports · 9,606 words · PDF available
Congress maintains interest in El Salvador, a small Central American nation, due to the history of U.S. involvement in the country and extensive cultural ties. A large percentage of El Salvador’s popu...
Small Business Administration (SBA) Business Loan Program Rule Changes in the 118th Congress: Background and Summary
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-29 · Reports · 12,152 words · PDF available
In April 2023, the Small Business Administration (SBA) finalized two major rules revising regulations related to its business loan programs. The new rules made significant changes to the 7(a) loan gua...
The Restoring Hope for Mental Health and Well-Being Act of 2022 (Division FF, Title I of P.L. 117-328, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023): Section-by-Section Summary
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-29 · Reports · 24,350 words · PDF available
The Restoring Hope for Mental Health and Well-Being Act was enacted on December 29, 2022, as Division FF, Title I of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328). The act primarily reautho...
How Treasury Issues Debt
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-29 · Reports · 8,824 words · PDF available
The U.S. Department of the Treasury (Treasury), among other roles, manages the country’s debt. The primary objective of Treasury’s debt management strategy is to finance the government’s borrowing nee...
DOE’s Regulations on Gas Stoves
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-29 · Posts · 1,011 words · PDF available
A U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) program regulates energy consumption of conventional cooking products, including gas stoves, using authority under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA; P.L. ...
The 2024 National Defense Industrial Strategy: Issues for Congress
The National Defense Industrial Strategy On January 11, 2024, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) publicly released its first-ever National Defense Industrial Strategy (NDIS). According to DOD’s Assi...
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Cybersecurity Provisions
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-29 · Posts · 1,016 words · PDF available
The disruption of a safe and reliable water supply remains a concern related to the protection of public health. Several events have increased attention to water system security, including “malicious ...
Artificial Intelligence Prompts Renewed Consideration of a Federal Right of Publicity
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-29 · Posts · 3,483 words · PDF available
Recent uses of artificial intelligence (AI) to create realistic images, videos, replicas, or voice simulations of real people have prompted some Members of Congress to call for federal legislation to ...
The Department of the Interior’s Tribal Probate Process: In Brief
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-29 · Reports · 4,225 words · PDF available
Congress continues to express interest in reducing the fractionation of tribal allotted lands, potentially through improving the Department of the Interior’s (DOI’s) probate process. This CRS report p...
The European Union: Questions and Answers
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-26 · Reports · 13,771 words · PDF available
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic partnership that represents a unique form of cooperation among sovereign countries. The EU is the latest stage in a process of integration begun aft...
Foreign Country Actions to Place the Israel-Hamas Conflict Before International Courts
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-26 · Posts · 1,041 words · PDF available
The escalation since October 7, 2023, in the Israel-Hamas conflict has reportedly resulted in significant civilian casualties; destruction of civilian residential areas and infrastructure, including h...
The Impeachment Process in the House of Representatives
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-25 · Reports · 11,614 words · PDF available
Under the U.S. Constitution, the House of Representatives has the power to formally charge a federal officer with wrongdoing, a process known as impeachment. The House impeaches an individual when a m...
Debt Limit Policy Questions: How Long Do Extraordinary Measures Last?
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-25 · Posts · 930 words · PDF available
“Extraordinary measures” are operations undertaken by the Department of the Treasury to prevent a binding debt limit. Federal debt subject to the statutory limit, codified at 31 U.S.C. §3101, cannot l...
The AI Executive Order and Considerations for Federal Privacy Policy
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-25 · Posts · 1,028 words · PDF available
On October 30, 2023, President Biden issued Executive Order (E.O.) 14110 on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence. This E.O. advances a coordinated approach to t...
Supreme Court to Consider Request to Stay EPA’s Good Neighbor Interstate Air Pollution Rule
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-24 · Posts · 3,299 words · PDF available
On February 21, 2024, the Supreme Court is scheduled to hear argument on applications to postpone implementation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) “Good Neighbor Plan,” a rule addr...
“Tester” Lawsuits Under the Americans with Disabilities Act
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-24 · Posts · 2,289 words · PDF available
This term, the Supreme Court granted review in Acheson Hotels, LLC v. Laufer, a case asking whether “testers” (people who seek to identify legal violations but do not necessarily intend to patronize t...
September 12, 2023, Is Estimated to Be the Beginning of the Congressional Review Act “Lookback” Period
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-24 · Posts · 947 words · PDF available
The Congressional Review Act (CRA, 5 U.S.C. §§801-808) is an oversight tool that Congress may use to consider a joint resolution overturning a rule issued by a federal agency. Under the act, when a ru...
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (January 16–January 21, 2024)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-23 · Posts · 1,363 words · PDF available
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to fede...
Child Care Access Means Parents in Schools (CCAMPIS): In Brief
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-23 · Reports · 3,917 words · PDF available
Child Care Access Means Parents in School (CCAMPIS) grants are provided to institutions of higher education (IHEs) by the federal government to support or establish campus-based child care services th...
Ethiopia: In Brief
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-23 · Reports · 9,346 words · PDF available
Ethiopia is Africa’s oldest independent state and second most populous country. It is the seat of the African Union (AU) and an influential regional actor. Once a subject of Cold War competition, Ethi...
FY2024 NDAA: Department of Defense Office of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation (CAPE)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-23 · Posts · 961 words · PDF available
The U.S. Department of Defense’s (DOD) Office of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation (CAPE) provides independent analysis of the cost and performance of major weapons systems and plays a key role ...
Misunderstood mechanics: How AI, TikTok, and the liar's dividend might affect the 2024 elections
Brookings Institution · 2024-01-22 · Article · 3,866 words · PDF available
It’s been over a year since the release of OpenAI’s ChatGPT launched an international conversation about how generative artificial intelligence—i.e., AI capable of producing text, images, video, and m...
The Disaster Relief Fund: Overview and Issues
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-22 · Reports · 19,371 words · PDF available
The Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is one of the most-tracked single accounts funded by Congress each year. Managed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), it is the primary source of funding f...
Prescription Drug Importation
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-22 · Resources · 1,835 words · PDF available
In the context of rising drug prices, the possibility of importing prescription drugs from other countries at lower prices is again being debated. Generally, the importation or reimportation of a pres...
EDA’s Disaster Economic Recovery and Resiliency Roles
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-22 · Resources · 1,548 words · PDF available
Since 2011 Congress has provided $1.9 billion in supplemental funding for long-term disaster recovery for selected incidents under the Department of Commerce, Economic Development Administration’s (ED...
Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind on the Marine Ecosystem and Associated Species: Background and Issues for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-19 · Reports · 22,229 words · PDF available
Offshore wind energy is one alternative to energy derived from the combustion of fossil fuels. The United States’ ability to harness wind energy from the outer continental shelf (OCS) is at an initial...
Congress’s Power over Court Decisions: Jurisdiction Stripping and the Rule of Klein
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-19 · Reports · 13,697 words · PDF available
Article III of the Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the federal government, creating a federal judiciary with significant independence, providing federal judges with life tenure, and pr...
Improper Payments in Pandemic Assistance Programs
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-19 · Reports · 9,999 words · PDF available
Congress provided approximately $4.6 trillion to individuals, businesses, and state and local governments to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the nation’s health system and economy. The...
SEC Approves Bitcoin Exchange-Traded Products (ETPs)
Congressional Research Service · 2024-01-19 · Resources · 1,712 words · PDF available
On January 10, 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) approved 11 spot Bitcoin exchange-traded product (ETP) Rule 19b-4 applications. U.S. Bitcoin ETP proposals first appeared more than a ...