Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) and Informal Member Groups: Their Purpose and Activities, History, and Formation
This report examines the historical development and contemporary role of Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) in the House, as well as informal Member groups in the House, Senate, and across the ...
Voting and Quorum Procedures in the House of Representatives
The Constitution requires that a quorum, defined as a majority of the House, be present on the floor when the House transacts business. The House, however, always presumes that a quorum is present unl...
Use of National Statuary Hall: Assignment and Historic Events
Statuary Hall has been used as the setting for a variety of events, including memorial ceremonies and receptions for new Members of Congress, award presentations, and as media space after presidential...
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FY2023 Appropriations
Enacted on December 29, 2022, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328) provided funding for the Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, including funding for the...
Repurposing 3.1-3.55 GHz Spectrum: Issues for Congress
Wireless technologies use radio waves, or frequencies, to transmit and receive voice and data signals. The radio spectrum is the range of frequencies used for wireless mobile, satellite, television, A...
Women, Peace, and Security: Global Context and U.S. Policy
In 2000, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) unanimously adopted Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security. The resolution calls on U.N. member states to, among other things, take steps to ...
Banking, Data Privacy, and Cybersecurity Regulation
Financial data contains significant amounts of sensitive information, and ensuring the privacy of such data among financial institutions is a goal of many policymakers. In particular, Congress has dem...
Capital Markets: Overview and Selected Policy Issues in the 118th Congress
Capital markets are part of the financial system where entities raise funding from investors by dealing in stocks, bonds, digital asset securities, and other investments. As a main segment of the fina...
Overview of FY2023 Appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS)
This report describes actions taken to provide FY2023 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) accounts. The annual CJS appropriations act provides funding for the Dep...
The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA): An Overview
The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) provides workers with minimum wage, overtime pay, and child labor protections. The FLSA covers most, but not all, private and public sector employees. In addition, ...