Policy Library

7,020 documents

Subsistence Uses of Resources in Alaska: An Overview of Federal Management
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-20 · Reports · 14,106 words · PDF available
Certain federal statutes provide avenues for individuals to engage in subsistence uses of natural resources. The term subsistence uses or subsistence in federal statutes and regulations generally refe...
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: FY2023 Appropriations
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-20 · Resources · 1,208 words · PDF available
Congress generally funds civil works activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) in annual Energy and Water Development appropriations acts. These activities include the planning and constr...
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Appropriations: FY2024 President’s Budget Request
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-20 · Resources · 1,224 words · PDF available
Since FY2006, Congress has funded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriation acts. For FY2024, the President requested $12.08 billi...
Semiconductors and the Semiconductor Industry
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-19 · Reports · 14,218 words · PDF available
Semiconductors (also known as integrated circuits, microelectronic chips, or computer chips) are tiny electronic devices (based primarily on silicon or germanium) composed of billions of components th...
Congressional Investigation of the Trump Indictment
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-19 · Posts · 2,110 words · PDF available
Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg, Jr. recently asked a federal district court to declare invalid a House Judiciary Committee (Committee) deposition subpoena issued as part of an inquiry into th...
Rural Definitions Used for Eligibility Requirements in USDA Rural Development Programs
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-19 · Reports · 7,871 words · PDF available
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Office of Rural Development (RD) administers more than 40 programs that support economic and community development in rural communities. For many of the progr...
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (April 10-April 14, 2023)
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-19 · Posts · 1,859 words · PDF available
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to fede...
The Persistent Digital Divide: Selected Broadband Deployment Issues and Policy Considerations
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-18 · Reports · 10,388 words · PDF available
Access to high-speed internet—known as broadband—has become a topic of increasing significance over the past few decades, with extra urgency in recent years due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-...
Private Health Insurance: A Primer
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-18 · Reports · 9,849 words · PDF available
In general, a health insurance plan is an agreement that a plan enrollee will pay specified amounts in return for coverage of certain health care benefits (often, as furnished by certain health care p...
The Fundamentals of Unemployment Compensation
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-18 · Resources · 1,455 words · PDF available
A Joint Federal-State Program The joint federal-state Unemployment Compensation (UC) program provides income support through UC benefit payments. Although there are broad requirements under federal la...
The Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA): A Legal Overview
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-17 · Reports · 30,234 words · PDF available
A plaintiff injured by a defendant’s wrongful act may file a tort lawsuit to recover money from that defendant. To name a particularly familiar example of a tort, a person who negligently causes a veh...
National Heritage Areas: Background and Issues for Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-17 · Reports · 9,222 words · PDF available
Since 1984, Congress has established 61 national heritage areas (NHAs) to conserve, enhance, and interpret nationally significant natural, historic, scenic, and cultural resources of areas that illust...
Defense Primer: U.S. Defense Industrial Base
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-17 · Resources · 1,517 words · PDF available
The Department of Defense (DOD) relies on a large and complex defense industrial base (DIB) for the materials, products, and services that enable the department’s warfighting capabilities and business...
Deep Fakes and National Security
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-17 · Resources · 1,562 words
“Deep fakes”—a term that first emerged in 2017 to describe realistic photo, audio, video, and other forgeries generated with artificial intelligence (AI) technologies—could present a variety of nation...
Regulating Reproductive Health Services After Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-17 · Resources · 1,765 words · PDF available
Introduction In Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, a five-Justice majority overruled the Supreme Court’s prior decisions in Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v...
Student Loan Cancellation Under the HEROES Act
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-14 · Reports · 31,628 words · PDF available
On August 24, 2022, Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona announced that he would invoke the Higher Education Relief Opportunities for Students Act of 2003 (HEROES Act) to cancel up to $20,000 of fede...
Overview of the Federal Procurement Process and Resources
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-14 · Reports · 3,996 words · PDF available
In the basic federal procurement process, acquisition personnel, after determining their agencies’ requirements (that is, the goods and services the agencies need), post solicitations on the federal g...
Medications for Opioid Use Disorder
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-14 · Resources · 1,515 words · PDF available
Opioids, such as heroin, fentanyl, and some prescription pain medications (including morphine and oxycodone) are substances that act on receptors in the brain important in regulating pain and emotion....
Dam Safety Overview and the Federal Role
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-13 · Reports · 21,634 words · PDF available
Dams provide various services, including flood control, hydroelectric power, recreation, navigation, and water supply, but they require maintenance, and sometimes rehabilitation and repair, to ensure ...
World Trade Organization Fisheries Subsidies Negotiations
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-13 · Resources · 1,453 words · PDF available
On June 17, 2022, World Trade Organization (WTO) members finalized a limited agreement on long-running negotiations aimed at curbing fisheries subsidies that lead to excess capacity and may contribute...
Economic Development Conveyances for BRAC Properties
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-13 · Resources · 1,417 words · PDF available
Congress has approved five rounds of military base realignments and closures under the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) process: in 1988, 1991, 1993, 1995, and 2005. Since 2005, Congress has not au...
Casework in a Congressional Office
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-13 · Reports · 5,835 words · PDF available
In a congressional office, the term casework refers to the response or services that Members of Congress provide to constituents who request assistance. Each year, thousands of constituents turn to Me...
Veterans and Homelessness
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-12 · Reports · 20,135 words · PDF available
From the time of the Vietnam War, and continuing as veterans returned from wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, data show that veterans have experienced homelessness at rates exceeding their representation i...
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (April 3-April 7, 2023)
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-11 · Posts · 1,629 words · PDF available
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to fede...
Justice for United States Victims of State Sponsored Terrorism Act: Eligibility and Funding
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-11 · Resources · 1,668 words · PDF available
Since 1996, the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA; 28 U.S.C. §§ 1602-11) has authorized U.S. courts to order state sponsors of terrorism—namely, Iran, North Korea, Cuba, and Syria, and previously...
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families: The Decline in Assistance Receipt Among Eligible Individuals
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-10 · Reports · 8,641 words · PDF available
The decline in the number of people receiving family cash assistance is a distinctive characteristic of the period after enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Ac...
International Trade and Finance: Overview and Issues for the 118th Congress
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-07 · Reports · 2,863 words · PDF available
The congressional role in U.S. trade policy includes setting priorities for trade negotiations, requiring notification from or consultation with the executive branch on select issues, enacting laws au...
Silicon Valley Bank’s Failure and Potential Director/Officer Liability
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-07 · Posts · 3,331 words · PDF available
On March 10, 2023, a California banking regulator closed Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), making it the second-largest bank by assets to fail in U.S. history. At the same time, the state regulator appointed...
Climate Change and Adaptation: Department of Defense
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-06 · Resources · 1,558 words · PDF available
Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin has stated that “to keep the nation secure, [the Department of Defense (DOD)], must tackle the existential threat of climate change.” DOD has released a number of doc...
Grants Work in a Congressional Office
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-06 · Reports · 5,499 words · PDF available
Members of Congress frequently receive requests from grantseekers needing funds for projects in districts and states. In considering a response, a congressional office might first determine its polici...
The Feres Doctrine: Congress, the Courts, and Military Servicemember Lawsuits Against the United States
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-05 · Posts · 2,232 words · PDF available
The Supreme Court’s 1950 decision in Feres v. United States generally bars individuals from pursuing tort lawsuits against the United States for injuries arising from active-duty military service, est...
Congressional Court Watcher: Recent Appellate Decisions of Interest to Lawmakers (March 27-March 31, 2023)
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-05 · Posts · 1,575 words · PDF available
The federal courts issue hundreds of decisions every week in cases involving diverse legal disputes. This Sidebar series selects decisions from the past week that may be of particular interest to fede...
Military Jurisdiction over Retired Servicemembers
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-05 · Posts · 1,715 words · PDF available
Members of the United States Armed Forces are governed by a distinct criminal legal regime: the military justice system. (They are also subject to civilian laws and courts.) The purposes of this syste...
Social Security: Selected Findings of the 2023 Annual Report
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-05 · Resources · 1,713 words · PDF available
According to the 2023 report of the Board of Trustees of the Social Security Trust Funds, the program’s finances are in a similar, albeit marginally worse, position in 2023 relative to what they were ...
The Self-Employment Assistance (SEA) Program
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-04 · Reports · 5,279 words · PDF available
Self-employment is one potential pathway to exit a spell of unemployment. The regular Unemployment Compensation (UC) program generally requires unemployed workers to be actively seeking work and to be...
Small Business Contracting Under Category Management
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-04 · Resources · 1,230 words · PDF available
Summary Category management is an initiative led by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to help federal agencies collectively save money on the goods and services they purchase. A key feature of...
DHS Budget Request Analysis: FY2024
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-04 · Reports · 12,068 words · PDF available
On March 9, 2023, the Joseph R. Biden, Jr. Administration released its budget request for FY2024, including $103.18 billion in total budget authority for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). DHS...
Long-Term Drought and Glen Canyon Dam: Potential Effects on Water Deliveries and Hydropower
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-04 · Reports · 9,452 words · PDF available
The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) owns and operates the Glen Canyon Unit (near Page, AZ) as part of the federal Colorado River Storage Project. The unit includes Glen Canyon Dam, on the Colorado...
Data on State and Local Public Sector Employment Not Covered Under Social Security
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-04 · Reports · 5,656 words · PDF available
Social Security is a work-based federal insurance program that provides cash benefits to workers and their eligible family members in the event of the worker’s retirement, disability, or death. Worker...
The Willow Project: History and Litigation
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-03 · Posts · 1,541 words · PDF available
On March 13, 2023, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), an agency within the Department of the Interior tasked with management of federal public lands and resources, issued a new Record of Decision ap...
Regional Innovation: Federal Programs and Issues for Consideration
Congressional Research Service · 2023-04-03 · Reports · 14,151 words · PDF available
In recent years, Congress has increased support for economic development policies that incorporate a regional innovation systems (RIS) approach. RIS are composed of public and private sector partners,...
Tax-Advantaged Savings Accounts: Overview and Policy Considerations
Congressional Research Service · 2023-03-31 · Reports · 11,055 words · PDF available
Congress has created a variety of tax-advantaged savings accounts to encourage taxpayers to save for certain expenses. These accounts are some of the largest benefits administered through the United S...
Energy and Minerals Provisions in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58)
Congressional Research Service · 2023-03-31 · Reports · 24,320 words · PDF available
On November 15, 2021, President Biden signed the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA, P.L. 117-58). This broad infrastructure law addresses a range of issues, including surface transportation...
The Railway Labor Act and Congressional Action
Congressional Research Service · 2023-03-30 · Posts · 1,557 words · PDF available
The Railway Labor Act (RLA; 45 U.S.C. §§ 151 et seq.) governs disputes between railway carriers and labor unions. Beginning in 2019, labor unions representing railway employees and the National Carrie...
House Rules Changes Affecting Floor Proceedings in the 118th Congress (2023-2024)
Congressional Research Service · 2023-03-30 · Reports · 4,619 words · PDF available
As agreed to in the House, H.Res. 5, a resolution adopting the rules of the House of Representatives, provided amendments to the standing rules and separate orders that affect floor proceedings in the...
Reasonable Accommodations for Employees with Disabilities
Congressional Research Service · 2023-03-30 · Resources · 1,720 words · PDF available
Three federal laws provide the primary protections for employees and job applicants with disabilities. First, Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 42 U.S.C. §§ 12111–12117, prohibits ...
Safe Drinking Water Act: Proposed National Primary Drinking Water Regulation for Specified PFAS
Congressional Research Service · 2023-03-30 · Resources · 1,777 words · PDF available
Detections of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in public water supplies have heightened public and congressional interest in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) authorities un...
Communications Between Congress and Federal Agencies During the Rulemaking Process
Congressional Research Service · 2023-03-30 · Resources · 1,609 words · PDF available
Congress often delegates legislative authority to federal agencies in statute. Using that authority, agencies issue regulations to implement legislative objectives and programs. Regulations carry the ...
Reclamation Water Storage Projects: Section 4007 of the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation (WIIN) Act
Congressional Research Service · 2023-03-30 · Resources · 1,205 words · PDF available
Congress created a new authority for the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation, part of the Department of the Interior) to build new water storage projects in Section 4007 of the Water Infrastructure Imp...
Congress’s Authority to Influence and Control Executive Branch Agencies
Congressional Research Service · 2023-03-30 · Reports · 32,025 words · PDF available
The Constitution does not establish administrative agencies or explicitly prescribe the manner by which they may be created. Even so, the Supreme Court has generally recognized that Congress has broad...