2022 Nuclear Posture Review: Selected Programmatic Issues
Background
The unclassified 2022 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), a legislatively mandated document (10 U.S.C., Ch. 24), describes the Biden Administration’s plans to continue to modernize U.S. nuclear f...
Middle East and North Africa-China Relations
The People’s Republic of China (PRC, or China) has been expanding and strengthening its diplomatic, security, commercial, and cultural ties with countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) re...
Transfer of Defense Articles: U.S. Sale and Export of U.S.-Made Arms to Foreign Entities
An extensive set of laws, regulations, policies, and procedures govern the sale and export of U.S.-origin weapons to foreign countries (“defense articles and defense services,” officially). Congress h...
Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) and Informal Member Groups: Their Purpose and Activities, History, and Formation
This report examines the historical development and contemporary role of Congressional Member Organizations (CMOs) in the House, as well as informal Member groups in the House, Senate, and across the ...
Voting and Quorum Procedures in the House of Representatives
The Constitution requires that a quorum, defined as a majority of the House, be present on the floor when the House transacts business. The House, however, always presumes that a quorum is present unl...
Use of National Statuary Hall: Assignment and Historic Events
Statuary Hall has been used as the setting for a variety of events, including memorial ceremonies and receptions for new Members of Congress, award presentations, and as media space after presidential...
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FY2023 Appropriations
Enacted on December 29, 2022, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (P.L. 117-328) provided funding for the Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, including funding for the...
Repurposing 3.1-3.55 GHz Spectrum: Issues for Congress
Wireless technologies use radio waves, or frequencies, to transmit and receive voice and data signals. The radio spectrum is the range of frequencies used for wireless mobile, satellite, television, A...
Women, Peace, and Security: Global Context and U.S. Policy
In 2000, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) unanimously adopted Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security. The resolution calls on U.N. member states to, among other things, take steps to ...