Nationwide Injunctions: Law, History, and Proposals for Reform
In recent years, nationwide injunctions have generated significant debate among scholars, advocates, judges, and legislators. Sometimes also called national injunctions, universal injunctions, non-par...
Regular Appropriations Acts: Selected Statutory Interpretation Issues
The Constitution’s Appropriations Clause provides that “No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law.” Congress, and not another branch of government, th...
Low Earth Orbit Satellites: Potential to Address the Broadband Digital Divide
As the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began to unfold, many federal, state, and local governments, in addition to large and small businesses, implemented remote working or distance learn...
Supreme Court Blocks Enforcement of the CDC’s Eviction Moratorium
On August 26, 2021, the Supreme Court blocked enforcement of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) nationwide temporary eviction moratorium issued on August 3, 2021. In granting the...
The “Shadow Docket”: The Supreme Court’s Non-Merits Orders
The evening of Friday, August 20, 2021, saw significant activity on the Supreme Court’s non-merits docket. That evening, the Biden Administration filed an application for stay pending appeal in Biden ...
Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs): Background and Issues for Congress
The federal government supports research and development (R&D) that is conducted by a wide variety of performers, including federally owned and operated laboratories, universities, private companies, ...
Office of National Drug Control Policy and Its Role in Federal Drug Control
The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) is responsible for creating, implementing, and evaluating U.S. drug control policies to reduce the use, manufacturing, and trafficking of illicit dru...
Federal Information Technology (IT) Budgeting Process in the Executive Branch: An Overview
Information technology (IT) systems serve as a means by which federal agencies interact with citizens, other federal agencies, state and local governments, and the private sector (such as contractors ...
Merchant Discount, Interchange, and Other Transaction Fees in the Retail Electronic Payment System
Recent policy discussions around faster payments, cryptocurrencies, and other financial innovations have highlighted some of the costs and fees associated with the retail payment system. In the past, ...
Health Equity and Disparities During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Brief Overview of the Federal Role
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During the COVID-19 Pandemic response, communities with different demographics, geographies, resources, and network sup...
Surprise Billing in Private Health Insurance: Overview of Federal Consumer Protections and Payment for Out-of-Network Services
The term surprise billing typically refers to individuals receiving large, unexpected medical bills for out-of-network care. Generally, surprise billing occurs when consumers are unknowingly, and pote...