Source: Created by CRS, using data from Congress.gov nomination records, government websites, and news sources.

Notes: Cont. = continued service from prior administration. For all confirmed positions, beginning date of service is the date confirmed, unless stated otherwise. For those serving in an acting capacity, beginning dates of service are the dates sworn into office. CIA = Central Intelligence Agency, DOD = Department of Defense, DHS = Department of Homeland Security, and NSA = National Security Agency. GEN = an Army General, Gen = an Air Force General, Lt Gen = an Air Force Lieutenant General, and VADM = a Vice Admiral.

a. Enacted in the wake of the 9/11 Commission Report, the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) of 2004 (P.L. 108-458) established in 2005 the position of Director of National Intelligence (DNI) and abolished the position of Director of Central Intelligence (DCI). The Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) had served concurrently as DCI. From September 2004 until April 2005, Porter J. Goss served as the last D/CIA to be dual hatted as DCI. In April 2005, he retained his position as D/CIA, becoming the first Director of the agency who did not also represent the entire Intelligence Community. Goss received Senate confirmation for the position of DCI and did not have to be confirmed again when he relinquished DCI duties. John Negroponte became the first DNI.

b. George Tenet resigned as D/CIA voluntarily, though at a time of intense scrutiny of the agency and the Intelligence Community generally, in the aftermath of the attacks of 9/11, faulty intelligence on weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, and CIA's use of "enhanced interrogation methods" on detainees during the War on Terror. John McLaughlin served as acting D/CIA for several months under the Federal Vacancies Reform Act until Porter Goss was sworn in as D/CIA on September 24, 2005.

c. Ending date is the date that John McLaughlin announced his resignation. It may not be his last day in office.

d. The Deputy Director of Central Intelligence for Community Management was the senior official in the Office of Central Intelligence after the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence.

e. In March 2006, President Bush nominated John A. Rizzo to be General Counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency. The nomination was withdrawn in September 2007.

f. The position of Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence (USD(I)) was created by the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003.

g. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Office of Information Analysis was originally established by the Homeland Security Act of 2002 as the Directorate for Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection. Frank Libutti became the first and only Senate-confirmed Under Secretary for Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection, Department of Homeland Security. He announced his resignation in December 2004, to be effective in January/February 2005.

h. After passage of the IRTPA of 2004, President Bush nominated John D. Negroponte as the first DNI and U.S. Air Force Lt. Gen. Michael V. Hayden as the first Principal Deputy DNI, promoting him to General. On April 21, 2005, Negroponte and Hayden were sworn in and the Office of the DNI began operations the next day.

i. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 established the position of the Director of National Intelligence and the supporting Office of the DNI. Following that, the Intelligence Community Chief Information Officer position was established through the Intelligence Authorization Act of 2005. Dr. Dale W. Meyerrose was the first presidentially appointed, Senate-confirmed Chief Information Officer for ODNI.

j. Enacted in the wake of the 9/11 Commission Report, the IRTPA of 2004 (P.L. 108-458) established the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), which also includes the Office of the General Counsel. Benjamin A. Powell was confirmed by the Senate as the first General Counsel of ODNI.

k. The IRTPA of 2004 renamed the Terrorist Threat Integration Center (TTIC) as the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) under the DNI. In 2005, John S. Redd became the first Senate-confirmed NCTC director.

l. An individual nominated for director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), is presidentially appointed if a civilian; is presidentially appointed, Senate confirmed if active duty military by virtue of his or her military rank. Prior to VADM Murrett, Retired Lt. Gen. James R. Clapper served as Director of the NGA from 2001–2006 as a civilian.

m. The National Security Division (NSD) was created in March 2006 by the USA PATRIOT Reauthorization and Improvement Act (P.L. 109-177). The NSD commenced operations upon the swearing in of the first Assistant Attorney General for National Security.

n. The Intelligence Authorization Act (IAA) of 2004 established the Department of the Treasury's Office of Intelligence and Analysis (OIA). Janice B. Gardner was Senate-confirmed as the first Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Intelligence and Analysis in 2005.

Source: Created by CRS, using data from Congress.gov nomination records, government websites, and news sources.

Notes: Cont. = continued service from prior administration. For all confirmed positions, beginning date of service is the date confirmed, unless stated otherwise. For those serving in an acting capacity the beginning dates of service is the date of being sworn into office. CIA = Central Intelligence Agency, DIA = Defense Intelligence Agency, DOD = Department of Defense, DHS = Department of Homeland Security, and NSA = National Security Agency. GEN = an Army General, LTG = an Army Lieutenant General, VADM = Vice Admiral, and ADM = Admiral.

a. David Petraeus resigned as Director, CIA, in the aftermath of media revelations of an extramarital affair.

b. Charles E. Allen served as Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis from late 2007 to January 20, 2009, during the time when the DHS' Office of Intelligence and Analysis was renamed. However, the position at the time was not a Senate-confirmed position. President Obama nominated Philip Mudd for Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis, Department of Homeland Security on May 4, 2009. The White House withdrew the nomination on July 6, 2009. Caryn Wagner was then nominated on October 26, 2009, and confirmed by the Senate on February 11, 2010.

c. Dennis Blair resigned as DNI at the request of President Obama. Media reporting cites a number of factors including issues related to the sharing of intelligence and DNI authority over the Chiefs of Station that may have led to the President's loss of confidence in Blair. President Obama nominated General James Clapper as DNI on June 5, 2010. For more information, see https://www.washingtonian.com/2010/05/21/scrap-the-intelligence-chief/.

d. Priscilla E. Guthrie is the last person who was Senate-confirmed for the position of Chief Information Officer, ODNI. Section 404 of the FY2010 Intelligence Authorization Act (P.L. 111-259) eliminated the requirement that the IC CIO be confirmed by the Senate while retaining the requirement that the IC CIO be appointed by the President. The FY2020 NDAA (P.L. 116-92) required the IC CIO to be appointed by the Director of ODNI (i.e., no longer by the President).

e. The Intelligence Authorization Act (IAA) for FY2010 created the Office of the Inspector General of the Intelligence Community (ICIG) within the ODNI in October 2010. Irvin Charles McCullough III was the first Senate-confirmed ICIG.

f. Ending date is the date that Matthew G. Olsen submitted his resignation. It may not indicate his last day of service.

g. The positions of Director and Inspector General of the National Security Agency (NSA) and the positions of Director and Inspector General of the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) became appointments requiring Senate confirmation under the IAA for FY2014 (P.L. 113-126). As incumbents, ADM Michael S. Rogers (Director, NSA from 2014–2018) and Betty Sapp (Director, NRO from 2012–2019) continued to serve without Senate confirmation. The Senate confirmation process occurred when their successors were nominated.

h. For the director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA): If the individual is a civilian, he or she is presidentially appointed; if active duty military, the individual is presidentially appointed, Senate confirmed by virtue of his or her military rank. Following VADM Murrett, Letitia Long served as Director from 2010–2014 and Robert Cardillo as Director from 2014–2019, both served as civilians, presidentially appointed.

Source: Created by CRS, using data from Congress.gov nomination records, government websites, and news sources.

Notes: For all confirmed positions, beginning date of service is the date confirmed, unless stated otherwise. Cont. = continued service from prior administration. CIA = Central Intelligence Agency, DIA = Defense Intelligence Agency, DOD = Department of Defense, DHS = Department of Homeland Security, and NSA = National Security Agency. GEN = an Army General, VADM = Vice Admiral, and ADM = Admiral.

a. The National Defense Authorization Act for FY2020 (P.L. 116-92) redesignated the position as Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security (USD(I&S)), codified under 10 U.S.C. 137 note.

b. Ending date is the date that Joseph Kernan submitted his resignation and may not be his last day in office. Joseph Kernan submitted his resignation letter on November 10, 2020.

c. Brian Murphy was reassigned after it was reported that the DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis had collected information involving members of the press. For more information, see https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/01/us/politics/brian-murphy-homeland-security-protesters.html.

d. During this period, Joseph Maher's position was called the Principal Deputy General Counsel and Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Under Secretary for the Office of Intelligence and Analysis.

e. Dan Coats' resignation reportedly was precipitated by President Trump's widely publicized disagreements over Intelligence Community assessments, particularly those related to Russia's interference in the 2016 presidential election, North Korea's resolve to continue its nuclear program, and Iran's compliance (at the time) with the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). For more information, see https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/ct-nw-dan-coates-resignation-20190728-uph43bb2cvaxrkapqosbpnjdym-story.html.

f. Joseph Maguire served as acting DNI during the time beginning when President Trump first nominated Representative John Ratcliffe for the position on July 28, 2019, through his withdrawal of Ratcliffe's nomination on August 4, 2019. Joseph Maguire was serving under the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998 (the Vacancies Act), which authorizes acting service for up to 210 days after the occurrence of the vacancy, and longer if the President submits a nomination. President Trump reportedly removed Maguire after learning that the acting DNI's Election Threats Executive had briefed, without President Trump's knowledge, the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence on IC assessments of Russia's objectives in interfering in the 2020 presidential election. After Maguire's resignation on February 19, 2020, after serving for 188 days, President Trump named Richard Grenell as acting DNI on February 20, 2020. Grenell was apparently serving under the Vacancies Act, which authorized acting service for the rest of the 210 day period, as well as the period from the time President Trump renominated John Ratcliffe for the position of DNI on February 28, 2020, until Ratcliffe's May 21, 2020, Senate confirmation and swearing in on May 26, 2020, a total of 105 days. The total number of days of service for the two acting DNIs was 293 days. For more information on Maguire's resignation, see https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/21/politics/joseph-maguire-director-of-national-intelligence/index.html. For more on the Vacancies Act, see CRS Report R44997, The Vacancies Act: A Legal Overview, by Valerie C. Brannon.

g. Susan Gordon tendered her resignation as PDDNI after President Trump decided against naming her as acting DNI upon the resignation of Daniel Coats as DNI. Instead, President Trump chose NCTC director Joseph Maguire as acting DNI, and appointed a Principal Executive to carry out the duties and responsibilities of the PDDNI upon Gordon's departure.

h. Andrew P. Hallman and Neil Wiley were named Principal Executive at the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), assuming the duties and responsibilities of the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence (PDDNI). CRS found no statutory provision for the position of Principal Executive at the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, nor could CRS find a statutory provision requiring Senate confirmation for the position.

i. President Trump removed Atkinson on April 3, 2020, over his disagreement with how Atkinson handled the whistleblower complaint that led to the first impeachment of President Trump. For more information, see https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52164706.

j. President Trump had nominated Allen Souza as Inspector General of the Intelligence Community on September 23, 2020. The nomination was returned on January 3, 2021, with the start of the 117^th Congress.

k. Russell Travers was reportedly removed by acting Director of National Intelligence Richard Grenell. Reports indicate that he may have been offered a reassignment to another agency, but he chose to retire. For more information, see https://www.politico.com/news/2020/07/09/travers-terrorism-warning-355734.

l. Miller departed NCTC in November 2020 to serve as acting Secretary of Defense after President Trump removed Mark Esper as Secretary of Defense, reportedly over his public opposition to invoking the Insurrection Act of 1807 in response to the summer 2020 protests over the death of George Floyd. For more information, see https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/ct-nw-defense-secretary-mark-esper-20201109-op4ri6c5qvbvdfasyyia7bs57q-story.html.

m. William R. Evanina had served as the Director of NCSC within the ODNI since June 2, 2014. He became the first Senate-confirmed NCSC director in 2020, after Congress had made the position subject to Senate confirmation as of 2015. In February 2018, President Trump formally nominated Evanina to the directorship of the NCSC and on May 6, 2020, the Senate confirmed his nomination.

n. The positions of Director and Inspector General of the National Security Agency (NSA) and the positions of Director and Inspector General of the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) became appointments requiring the advice and consent of the Senate under the FY2014 National Intelligence Authorization Act (P.L. 113-126). As incumbents, ADM Michael S. Rogers (Director, NSA from 2014–2018) and Betty Sapp (Director, NRO from 2012–2019) continued to serve and the Senate confirmation process occurred only when a new civilian nominee was named as Director of NRO.

o. Robert Storch serves as the first presidentially appointed, Senate-confirmed Inspector General at the National Security Agency. President Obama nominated him in November 2016 and in January 2017 to become Inspector General of NSA. President Trump renominated him for the position on June 19, 2017. The Senate confirmed Storch as IG on December 21, 2017.

p. For the director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA): If the individual is a civilian, he or she is presidentially appointed; if active duty military, the individual is presidentially appointed, Senate confirmed by virtue of his or her military rank. Letitia Long served as Director from 2010-2014 and Robert Cardillo as Director from 2014-2019, both served as presidentially appointed civilians.