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94 Congressional Research Service reports and publications

Government Shutdowns and Legislative Branch Operations: Frequently Asked Questions
2025-09-30 · Posts · IN12259 · HTML available · PDF available
Past Government Shutdowns: Key Resources
2025-09-30 · Reports · R41759 · HTML available · PDF available
Points of Order, Rulings, and Appeals in the Senate
2025-08-29 · Reports · 98-306 · HTML available · PDF available
Navigating the Appropriations Status Table
2025-08-28 · Reports · R47240 · HTML available · PDF available
The Senate’s Byrd Rule: Frequently Asked Questions
2025-08-21 · Reports · R48640 · HTML available · PDF available
Budget Reconciliation Measures Enacted into Law Since 1980
2025-07-29 · Reports · R40480 · HTML available · PDF available
The Congressional Budget Process Timeline
2025-07-29 · Reports · R47235 · HTML available · PDF available
Amendments to the Higher Education Act in FY2025 Budget Reconciliation Legislation
2025-06-05 · Reports · R48560 · HTML available · PDF available
The Executive Budget Process: An Overview
2025-05-22 · Reports · R47019 · HTML available · PDF available
H.Con.Res. 14: The Budget Resolution for FY2025
2025-05-09 · Reports · R48532 · HTML available · PDF available
Diverting Military Construction Funds During a National Emergency: Legal Framework
2025-05-05 · Posts · LSB11278 · HTML available · PDF available
Reconciliation Instructions in the House and Senate FY2025 Budget Resolutions: In Brief
2025-03-28 · Reports · R48474 · HTML available · PDF available
Continuing Resolutions: Overview of Components and Practices
2025-03-27 · Reports · R46595 · HTML available · PDF available
FY2025 Appropriations Status: In Brief
2025-03-25 · Reports · R48176 · HTML available · PDF available
Appropriations Subcommittee Structure: History of Changes from 1920 to 2025
2025-03-18 · Reports · RL31572 · HTML available · PDF available
Sequestration as a Budget Enforcement Process: Frequently Asked Questions
2025-03-04 · Reports · R42972 · HTML available · PDF available
The Impoundment Control Act of 1974: Background and Congressional Consideration of Rescissions
2025-02-25 · Reports · R48432 · HTML available · PDF available
Points of Order Limiting the Contents of Reconciliation Legislation: In Brief
2025-02-18 · Reports · R43885 · HTML available · PDF available
Exemptions to the Fiscal Responsibility Act’s Discretionary Spending Limits
2025-02-03 · Reports · R48387 · HTML available · PDF available
The Fiscal Responsibility Act (FRA) in FY2025: Current Status
2025-01-13 · Posts · IN12433 · HTML available · PDF available
The Congressional Budget Resolution: Frequently Asked Questions
2024-11-26 · Reports · R48284 · HTML available · PDF available
The Origination Clause of the U.S. Constitution: Interpretation and Enforcement
2024-10-01 · Reports · R46558 · HTML available · PDF available
Congressional Rules and Practices Concerning User Fees and Other Nonrevenue Collections in the Federal Budget
2024-10-01 · Reports · R47292 · HTML available · PDF available
Blue-Slipping: Enforcing the Origination Clause in the House of Representatives
2024-10-01 · Reports · R46556 · HTML available · PDF available
Enactment of Appropriations Measures During Lame Duck Sessions
2024-09-05 · Reports · R46574 · HTML available · PDF available
Social Security Administration (SSA): FY2024 Annual Limitation on Administrative Expenses (LAE) Appropriation: In Brief
2024-08-26 · Reports · R47746 · HTML available · PDF available
Omnibus Appropriations: Overview of Recent Practice
2024-08-14 · Posts · IN12324 · HTML available · PDF available
Understanding the Content of an Appropriations Bill
2024-06-12 · Infographics · IG10056 · HTML available · PDF available
Appropriations Duration of Availability: One-Year, Multi-Year, and No-Year Funds
2024-06-07 · Reports · R48087 · HTML available · PDF available
Discretionary Spending: Setting a Topline Amount for FY2025 Appropriations
2024-05-01 · Posts · IN12353 · HTML available · PDF available
Expiration and Cancellation of Unobligated Funds
2024-02-26 · Resources · IF12329 · HTML available · PDF available
The Fiscal Responsibility Act (FRA) in FY2024: Current Status
2024-01-10 · Posts · IN12296 · HTML available · PDF available
Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process
2024-01-08 · Reports · R47413 · HTML available · PDF available
FY2024 Appropriations: Potential Effects of a Government Shutdown on Illustrative Agencies, Programs, and Activities
2023-11-16 · Reports · R47845 · HTML available · PDF available
Congressional Rules Pertaining to Changes in Mandatory Program Spending in Appropriations Bills (CHIMPs)
2023-09-21 · Reports · R47705 · HTML available · PDF available
Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview
2023-09-07 · Reports · RS20348 · HTML available · PDF available
Budget Enforcement Rules: Emergency Designations
2023-06-15 · Reports · R47594 · HTML available · PDF available
The Appropriations Process: A Brief Overview
2023-05-17 · Reports · R47106 · HTML available · PDF available
Authorizations and the Appropriations Process
2023-05-16 · Reports · R46497 · HTML available · PDF available
Limitations in Appropriations Measures: An Overview of Procedural Issues
2023-05-16 · Reports · R41634 · HTML available · PDF available
Dynamic Scoring in the Congressional Budget Process
2023-03-06 · Reports · R46233 · HTML available · PDF available
Budget Process Reforms Included in Debt Limit Legislation
2023-02-09 · Reports · R47415 · HTML available
Enforceable Spending Allocations in the Congressional Budget Process: 302(a)s and 302(b)s
2023-01-18 · Reports · R47388 · HTML available · PDF available
Changes to House Rules Affecting the Congressional Budget Process Included in H.Res. 5 (118th Congress)
2023-01-12 · Reports · R47384 · HTML available · PDF available
A Brief Overview of the Congressional Budget Process
2023-01-10 · Reports · R46468 · HTML available · PDF available
The Holman Rule (House Rule XXI, Clause 2(b))
2023-01-10 · Reports · R44736 · HTML available · PDF available
Introduction to the Federal Budget Process
2023-01-10 · Reports · R46240 · HTML available · PDF available
Budget Enforcement Procedures: The Senate Pay-As-You-Go (PAYGO) Rule
2023-01-09 · Reports · RL31943 · HTML available · PDF available
Content and Consideration of the Budget Resolution: In Brief
2022-12-15 · Reports · R47336 · HTML available · PDF available
Budget Process Reform: In Brief
2022-12-15 · Reports · R47338 · HTML available · PDF available